Zero net land degradation - a SDG for Rio+20 DLDD* and Sustainable Development Launch of UNCCD Policy Brief Berlin, Germany 23 May 2012 Luc GNACADJA Executive Secretary DLDD = Desertification Land Degradation & Drought

Land/Soil ? Poverty Food security Energy Water What implications for 2030: Cropland expansion for food, feed and fuel demand 175 to 220 million ha What implications for ? Sustainable Development 70% rural in 2030 +40% Poverty Food security Energy Water Land/Soil 80% hunger rural +50% in 2030 + 120 million ha Water in Agric 70% in 2030 +40% For Agricult-Forests Biodiv-Settlements & Infrastructure Deforestation: 70 to 80 % of expansion of cropland expansion lead to deforestation

Status & Trends in Global Land Degradation In too many places, achievements in production have been associated with management practices that have degraded the land and water Status & Trends in Global Land Degradation Source: SOLAW 2011 - FAO

DLDD: Some facts & figures ? Sustainable Development More than 50% of agricultural moderately to severely degraded LD directly affects 1,5 billion people globally 75 billion tons of fertile soil disappear/year 12 million ha/Year lost due to drought and desertification Six million km2 of drylands bear a legacy of desertification Biodiversity: 27,000 species lost each year due to LD 70 to 80 % of expansion of cropland lead to deforestation Food Energy Water Forest Land/Soil Climate Change DLDD Biodiversity loss

DLDD has far-reaching impacts Extreme Poverty Food insecurity & Hunger Increased to Drought & Water stress Increased emissions of GHG Biodiversity Loss Deforestation Instability & Crises Migrations DLDD has far-reaching impacts

Drought potential worldwide 2000-2098 Source : University Corporation for Atmospheric Research - http://www2.ucar.edu/news/2904/climate-change-drought-may-threaten-much-globe-within-decades

Drying up The Future We Want DLDD* Drying up The Future We Want DLDD = Desertification Land Degradation & Drought

Climate change will depress agricultural yields in most countries by 2050 given current agricultural practices and crop varieties Changes in agricultural productivity by 2050 due to Climate change Source: Müller and others 2009. in WDR 2010, Page 145 Note: The figure shows the projected percentage change in yields of 11 major crops (wheat, rice, maize, millet, field pea, sugar beet, sweet potato, soybean, groundnut, sunflower, and rapeseed) from 2046 to 2055, compared with 1996–2005. The values are the mean of three emission scenarios across five global climate models, assuming no CO2 fertilization (see note 54). Large negative yield impacts are projected in many areas that are highly dependent on agriculture

DLDD & Climate Change The % of Earth’s land area stricken by serious drought has more than doubled from the 1970s to the early 2000s Climate change will depress agricultural yields by up to 15-50% in most countries by 2050, given current agricultural practices and crop varieties Agriculture worldwide accounts for around 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The related deforestation contributes about 11% “Improved management of the world’s land (including terrestrial carbon) represents one third of the overall global abatement potential in 2030 (and a half in 2020)1. It represents 7Gt CO2e of mitigation in developing countries in 2020, roughly 40% of the 17Gt CO2e of mitigation required globally” No Carbon neutrality without Land degradation neutrality

Source: World Resources Institute, South Dakota State University, the IUCN and the Global Partnership on Forest Landscape Restoration - http://www.wri.org/map/global-map-forest-landscape-restoration-opportunities

Intervention Options for ZNLD Type 1 – High degradation trend or highly degraded lands: 25% Rehabilitate if economically feasible; mitigate where degrading trends are high Type 2 – Moderate degradation trend in slightly or moderately degraded land: 8% Introduce measure to mitigate degradation Type 3 – Stable land, slightly or moderately degraded: 36% Preventive interventions Type 4 – Improving lands: 10% Reinforcement of enabling conditions which foster SLM Source FAO SOLAW 2011

Cost of Action Vs Inaction The Economics of Land Degradation

Degradation Neutral World For a SDG on Land @ Rio + 20 Improving Livelihoods Improving Ecosystems Reversing Land Degradation Sustainable land use for all and by all (in agriculture, forestry, energy, urbanization Land Degradation Neutral World Food Energy Water Targets: ZNLD by 2030 ZNFD by 2030 Drought preparedness in all droughts prone countries by 2020 Forest Gender Migration SLM Land/Soil DLDD Climate Change Biodiversity loss Efficiency Resilience Inclusiveness

LD Neutrality Poverty eradication Food Security Drought & Water stress Improving livelihood through pro-poor policies on Sustainable Land & Water Management Food Security Preserving the resource base for food security – Land productivity/Soil fertility improvement at the core of all long term strategies Drought & Water stress Improving water availability & quality through sustainable land & water management Climate change Land is a win-win context for adaptation, mitigation & resilience building Biodiversity Biodiversity conservation through improvement of land ecosystems’ conditions LD Neutrality Avoided Deforestation Sust. Land Management & Restoration of degraded Lands as an alternative to Deforestation Bio Energies Opportunities for Bio energies through biomass production Avoiding Forced Migrations Changing the DAM paradigm “Degrade-Abandon-Migrate”

Thank you