Items to be covered in this presentation The Afrobarometer, Sampling Country’s economic and living conditions; Reforms Poverty; Peace and Security Freedom and Rights; Collective action; Formal/Informal contacting Attitudes towards democracy; Legitimacy/Institutional trust Constitution making; Corruption and victimization Government performance Statutory payments Perceptions on external assistance

The Afrobarometer A comparative series of national public attitude surveys on democracy, markets and civil society in Africa Round 1 (mid-1999 to mid 2001) in 12 “reforming” African countries in West Africa: Ghana, Mali, Nigeria in East Africa: Uganda and Tanzania in Southern Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe Round 2 (mid 2002-late 2003) repeats original 12 plus Cape Verde, Kenya, Mozambique, and Senegal Round 3 (2005/2006) repeats original 16 – plus Benin and Madagascar Round 4 (2008/2009) repeats 18 – plus Liberia and Burkina Faso

AFROBAROMETER NETWORK Three Core Partners Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) Michigan State University (MSU) 16 National Partners (NGOs, Public/Private institutions) Other Research Associates and Support Units

SAMPLING Random sample of 1,200 Zambian citizens (18 or older) Sample stratified by Province, urban/rural according to the CSO 2008 population projection of citizens aged 18 years and above Multistage random sampling Random selection of 150 Enumeration Areas (EAs) Random selection of households in Enumeration Area using a randomly selected starting point Random selection of respondents Eight interviews per Enumeration Area 50/50 gender quota Margin of error >> +/- 3 percentage points (2.8%) at 95% confidence level.

How Can Sample Surveys Represent Whole Publics? Think of when you are making a pot of soup: After a few spoonful you have a very good estimate of what the whole pot tastes like The 4 th, 5 th or 6 th spoonfuls won’t improve your estimate very much If you double, or triple the size of the pot, you still only need 2 or 3 spoonfuls The SAMPLE SIZE and its design is what matters, not the population size!

ZAMBIA SAMPLE BY PROVINCE

ZAMBIA SAMPLE BY LOCATION

COUNTRY’S ECONOMIC AND LIVING CONDITIONS

In general how would you describe the present economic conditions of this country/your own living conditions?

DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS – BY LOCATION

DESCRIPTION OF LIVING CONDITIONS – BY LOCATION

ECONOMIC AND LIVING CONDITIONS

In general, how would you describe the present economic conditions of this country?

In general, how would you describe your own present living conditions?

ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: The costs of reforming the economy are too high; the government should therefore abandon its current economic policies. 2: In order for the economy to get better in the future, it is necessary for us to accept some hardship now.

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: The government’s economic policies have helped most people; only a few have suffered. 2: The government’s economic policies have hurt most people and only benefited a few.

ECONOMIC REFORMS HAVE HELPED/HURT MOST – BY LOCATION

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: It is better to have free schooling for our children, even if the quality of education is low. 2: It is better to raise educational standards, even if we have to pay school fees.

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: It is better to have goods in the market, even if the prices are high. 2: It is better to have low prices, even if there are shortages of goods.

AVAILABLE GOODS/HIGH PRICES VS LOW PRICES/SHORTAGES – RURAL/URBAN

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: It is better for private traders to handle agricultural marketing, even if some farmers get left out. 2: It is better for government to buy and sell crops, even if some farmers are served late.

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: All civil servants should keep their jobs, even if paying their salaries is costly to the country. 2: The government cannot afford so many public employees and should lay some of them off.

Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: The government should retain ownership of its factories, businesses and farms.2: It is better for government to sell its businesses to private companies and individuals.

In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address?