Question to Ponder 1. What was the most important innovation in the history of the world?

The Beginning Culture and Civilization

Instincts Biologically inherited patterns of complex behavior

Reflexes Simple automatic behaviors

Drives Basic bodily needs that must be satisfied in order to survive

Concepts of Culture Humans are social animals They live and work in groups and and rely on language Where humans live and work is known as their society

What is Culture? Culture is the whole learned socially influenced behavior that has characterized mankind throughout history

Methods of Learning Imitation —act like another person Direct –Teaching —specific and formalized goals Personal Experiences What did you learn from that mistake?

Terms to know…In case you don’t remember Norms: Established rules of behavior…can vary based on place in society. Folkways: The little things that we conform to on an everyday basis…society tolerates nonconformity.

More terms…Reviewed Mores: Norms that are essential to society…these are taken more seriously; nonconformity is punished. Taboos: These are super-mores. The very thought of breaking creates revulsion…cannibalism; incest

What is Civilization? Civilization Written records Large cities Advanced technology Industry and the arts

Important Groups for Societies Primary Groups Close face-to face relationships Few written rules

Groups--Continued Secondary Groups Limited relationships More written rules Ex. FHS, Village of Palatine

Human Needs & Relationships Roles Rights & responsibilities associated with a position Student -Parent -Teacher

Status Relationship a person may have with others Ascribed--Status Achieved—Status

Cultural Universals—all cultures in one way or another** Care & rearing of the young Place/status/ role Satisfying essentials Regulation & safeguard of property Providing order & the common welfare Explain the unknown-- religion Sense of esthetics/ beauty CommunicationDefense

Three Methods of Culture Change 1. Innovation 2. Diffusion 3. Acculturation

Points to Remember about Change People’s reactions: People resist change Material culture usually changes faster. Cultural lag. Influences: Change is unplanned. Change creates more change Gov’t encourages or discourages change.

When it’s time to change… Values change slowly. What are values?

What is Ethnocentrism? Ethnocentrism = negative Cultural Relativism =positive

More Culture Concepts Culture trait Culture area or region Culture hearth

Other Significant Terms Ethnic group: Race: Subculture:

The Culture of Human Development

The Evolution of Technology Technology First kind of technology was agriculture

The Two Types of Agriculture Subsistence Commercial

The Beginnings of Agriculture Before: Hunter Gatherer Now: Farmers What caused the change? Neolithic Revolution!

Domestication of Animals Domestication The dog was probably the first domesticated animal

Humans and the Animal Kingdom Breeding animals Some species increase in #’s chickens, cats, sheep and cattle As a result, pests increase rats and cockroaches Endangered Species

Agriculture and Man First crops? Seeded? (Southwest Asia) Tubers? (Southeast Asia)

The Importance of Corn or Maize Corn or Maize Illinois and Iowa together grow more corn than any single country (except U.S.) on earth

Urbanization City Urbanization Specialization Suburbs

Characteristics of Urban Areas Large population Permanent population High population density Heterogeneity

Three Things that Cities Need 1. Sites 2. Situation 3. Hinterland

Characteristics of Rural Areas 1. Smaller population 2. Less dense Pop. 3. Agriculture 4. Homogeneous

Industrialization Began in the 1700s and 1800s Moderns Economy Trade

The Consequences of Trade Self-sufficiency Tariffs Quotas

Other Important Terms Nationalism Fundamentalism

Questions to Ponder 1. What was the most important innovation in the history of the world? 2. What was the most important innovation of the 20 th Century? 3. Why is industrialization a good thing? Why is it a bad thing?