The business of e-resources and print serials publishing. Perspective from a society publisher Yann Amouroux Regional Manager, Journals IOP Publishing UKSG Seminar Dublin, June 2010 Notes for first body slide

Agenda Why are publishers around? Some background on IOP Some background on Publishing globally The evolving world of Science, Technology and Medical (STM) publishing The economics of Publishing

Why do journal publishers exist? First peer-reviewed journal founded in 1665 by Royal Society Journal publishing has evolved dramatically since, but its core functions remain: Registration of new research findings Quality assurance through peer review Dissemination globally Archiving in perpetuity

The Institute of Physics Scientific charity founded in 1874 Promote and support physics in furthering scientific knowledge Provide economic and social benefits in the UK and Ireland, and internationally – especially in the developing world. Increase the practice, understanding and application of physics Worldwide membership of 36,000+ Fund scientific communities (IOP divisions and groups) Leading communicator of physics-related science to all audiences, from specialists through to government and the general public. Offers free or concessionary digital membership to physicists from developing countries “Development Aid” programme currently benefits researchers in over 30 countries

Wholly owned subsidiary of IOP IOP Publishing Wholly owned subsidiary of IOP Mission: “To disseminate a knowledge of Physics” IOP 2009 300 staff in six countries Offices in Bristol (UK), Washington DC and Philadelphia (USA) Sales and editorial offices in Russia, China, Japan, Germany and Poland Cooperation with many smaller societies in Europe and worldwide

Publishing globally 2,000 publishers publish around 1.5 million peer reviewed articles per year in 23,000 journals The industry employs (directly) 110,000 globally: 40,000+ in EU, 10,000 in UK There are a few major commercial publishers with hundreds of titles each and hundreds of smaller society publishers often owner of just one title In the last 10 years major changes in publishing practice affected all

Publishing globally: Publishers in STM Articles published 26% Others Elsevier Others Wiley- Blackwell APS IOP Springer IEEE AIP Wolters Kluwer Taylor & Francis ACS

Publishing globally: Subject areas in STM

What do journal publishers do? 5,000 new editors per year 500 new journals launched per year 3 million+ article submissions per year Organise editorial boards Launch new specialist journals Solicit and manage submissions 2.5 million+ referees 3.75 million+ referee reports per year 50%+ of submissions rejected Manage peer review 40 million articles available digitally, back to early 1800s Archive and promote Edit and prepare 12 million researchers 4,500+ institutions 180+ countries 1 billion+ downloads/year 10 million+ printed pages/year 125,000 editors 350,000 editorial board members 30 million+ author/publisher communications per year Publish and disseminate Production 1.5 million new articles produced per year 350 years of back issues scanned, processed and data-tagged Note: industry estimates based on known numbers for a subset of the industry that are then scaled to 100% based on the article share of the known subset. 10

Growth in total journals, global R&D workers and STM articles 1996-2007

Solicit and manage submissions Bold = Estimated cumulative investment since 2000 Author Submission & Editorial Systems >£70 million Solicit and manage submissions Manage peer review Production Publish and disseminate Edit and prepare Archive and promote Organise editorial boards Launch new specialist journals Electronic Platforms, e.g. ScienceDirect Wiley InterScience Highwire Scopus >£1500 million Other support and related systems >£300 million eJournal Backfiles eReference Works >£150 million The journal industry has invested £2+ billion since 2000 Electronic Warehousing >£60 million Production Tracking Systems >£50 million

Economics of Publishing: Delivering research content Journals / E-Books Print Online Combination Packages / Bundles By subject By format (e.g. electronic bundle) With / without archive Consortium Some institutions or whole country

Economics of Publishing: Monthly downloads of research papers (IOP Publishing figures)

Economics of Publishing: Acquiring research content The ability for libraries to keep up with output is not growing Library budgets under pressure Funding agencies and government bodies engaging with the community Wellcome Trust National Institutes for Health PubMed Expectation that research will be openly available as soon as possible Typical embargo: 6-12 months

Economics of Publishing Average University & Library spend Source: SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries) 100% 100% Other O/H 14% Research & Overhead 68% Staff 50% Other info 8% Books 9% Instruction 29% Journals 19% 2.3% Library 2.7% University Library

Economics of Publishing Research output is growing Scientists can’t read every paper anymore New services available to help scientists identify and obtain content Publishers need to ensure that their content is accessible in whatever way the researcher may want to access it and invest in necessary technology

Economics of Publishing Pricing Per title, per article, per subject group? Open Access for all? Institution fees? Universities repository, how costly and effective will that be to academics? Is there a future for “Big Deals”? New metrics coming into place: usage factor, cost per download… Cost cutting Price freeze, limited investment…

Summary – What for, Publishers? Provide the vehicles through which a scientist can further their career Set high standards of research output Act as a quality filter Provide a professional and seamless peer review service to ensure high standards are being achieved Provide the means by which content can be easily accessed Invest in relationship with libraries, researchers and resellers Continue to invest in offering a high standard of service IT, expertise, systems, new processes and methods Listen to our communities Adapt business models Provide users what they want Ensure that published content is available in whatever way the user wishes to access that content

One scientist’s view Philip Bourne, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego, Editor-in-Chief, PLoS Computational Biology “Will the contract between scientist and publisher change to be more than one of handling final manuscripts to one of maintaining the workflow of scholarly discourse - ideas, hypotheses, protocols, data, interpretations of these data, and conclusions, all in a variety of formats and modes of dissemination”. STM International Conference, Cambridge MA 29 April 2010

Thank you Any questions? yann.amouroux@iop.org Tel: 0044 117 9301117 IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK yann.amouroux@iop.org Tel: 0044 117 9301117