INJURY Treatment Injury Treatment You should be able to: (a) describe and explain the basic signs and symptoms of, and how to treat simple injuries which can occur in games, (winding, cuts/grazes, blisters, muscle, tendon and ligament injuries, RICE, dehydration, exhaustion and concussion); (b) describe and explain in which activities these injuries are most likely to be seen.

Simple/closed fracture Open/compound fracture Play the Card Game Can you match the correct cards together under the following headings (in the following order)? Type of Injury How it might happen Description How it is treated Blisters Simple/closed fracture Open/compound fracture Concussion Dehydration Exhaustion Cuts & Grazes Strains Sprains Tears

Skin repeatedly rubs against another surface and causes friction Blisters Skin repeatedly rubs against another surface and causes friction A tear occurs between the upper layers of the skin, the outer surface remains unbroken, fluid seeps in to the space immediately beneath it. Cover with a protective pad or cotton wool and take a short break from activity.

Simple/closed fracture A serve fall or very hard contact with a hard surface. A break or crack in a bone where the skin is not damaged. Hear/feel a snap. Pain & tenderness around injury. Loss of movement. Swelling & bruising. Deformity of limb. Dial 999 Do not move casualty Support limb Sling – arm Splint-leg (if a first aider)

Open/compound fracture A serve fall or very hard contact with a hard surface. Same as simple/closed fracture but skin is damaged too. Bone may be sticking out of skin Dial 999 Do not move casualty Support limb Sling – arm Splint-leg (if a first aider)

A severe blow to the head Concussion A severe blow to the head Blow to the head causes jarring of the brain against the inside of the skull and a swelling of the brains surface. Subject may be unconscious, appear pale and be breathing in short breaths. May appear drowsy if conscious. Medical attention must be sought as a matter of urgency. Keep injured person warm, do not offer any drinks.

Dehydration Caused by excessive perspiration, combined with inadequate fluid intake. Loss of fluid. Performer looks exhausted and may be unsteady on their feet. Dry and tacky feel in the mouth, dizziness, weakness, sickness and a difficulty in maintaining balance and co-ordination. Sensible and immediate fluid intake. If no improvement results medical assistance should be sought

Related to extreme heat or cold. Exhaustion Related to extreme heat or cold. Extreme difficulty in co-ordinating movement. Low temperature. Dilated pupils. Weak pulse. Pale, moist skin. Fainting spells. May also complain of headaches, sickness/ dizziness and extreme physical weakness. Rap in blankets or additional clothing to maintain body warmth. Or cool them by loosening clothing, fanning and applying lukewarm cloths to head, armpit and groin areas. Electrolyte drinks can be given. But not drinks containing alcohol or caffeine

Cuts and Grazes Cover with an antiseptic dressing Falling and sliding across a surface or sharp object Graze: Top layer of skin is scraped off Cut: The skin is cut open and blood is lost. In both cases pain is felt from the damaged area Cover with an antiseptic dressing In the case of deep cuts there is the potential for damage to muscles, tendons or internal organs. In this case medical help should be sought.

Strains Caused by overuse, excessive force or stretching Joint is over stretched Treat with R.I.C.E

Sprains Injury to wrist or ankle caused by a wrench or twist Often affect ankle, knee, or wrist. Causes swelling and pain. Treat with R.I.C.E

Tears Tendons are over stretched by a violent movement Muscle fibres are torn away Treat with R.I.C.E

R.I.C.E Rest Ice Compression Elevation Used to treat strains, sprains and tears Rest Ice Compression Elevation

REST Stop exercising immediately to prevent any further damage

ICE Increase circulation Help reduce swelling Helps numb pain

Compression Reduces swelling Immobilises damaged joint

Elevation Allows for excess fluid to drain away more easily Reduces swelling

So can you remember how to reduce the number of accidents and injuries during sport? Work in pairs to brainstorm ideas and come up with at least 5 different ideas.

Preventing Injury Recognise personal limitations Don’t take drugs to disguise injuries Don’t over-train High levels of concentration behave Good health Balanced diet Being fit for that activity Working at appropriate levels of participation/competition (within your ability) Warming up Cooling down Practice/Training Know and obey the rules Pay attention to advice from coaches/referees and other players Wear the right kit (esp. footwear) Wear protective clothing - mouth guards, shin pads Remove jewellery, tie back long hair, cut fingernails Make sure all equipment is in good condition Lift large or heavy equipment in the correct way Hazards on playing area (glass, wet floor) Weather – frost, thunder, heavy rain First aid is available Sessions are planned and supervised