CHILD HEALTH STRATEGY RCH II/NRHM

National goals & MDG context 1990CurrentNPP MDG2015 Infant Mortality Rate 8055(2007)<30<27 Neonatal Mort rate 5337(2005)<20<20 U5M Rate 10774(2005)-<36

Perceptible decline in U5MR (Needs acceleration to >7 points to achieve NRHM goals) Slow decline in IMR Slower decline in the neonatal mortality NFHS

Neonatal Mortality Rate Source: SRS data 15% 25%

About half of child deaths occur in the neonatal period (ICMR Study 2003) When do neonates die die? Day U5 Child deaths 1st day 20% By 3rd day 25% By 7th day 37% By 28th day 50%

Child/Neonatal deaths and the Millennium Development Goal 4 Millennium Development Goal 4 can only be achieved if neonatal deaths are addressed - missing from current programmes Global mortality per 1000 births Year Under-5 mortality rate Late neonatal mortality Early neonatal mortality Target for MDG-4

IMR trends` RCH II The challenge

State-wise burden of neonatal deaths UP Mh AP Rj Bi MP Or Gj WB Kn TN As Hr Pb Estimation based on data from National Human Development Report & SRS 2001

MOST CHILD DEATHS ARE PREVENTABLE Universal coverage with a few interventions can prevent over 1.2 million deaths this year Source: Jones et al Lancet CS series

MOST CHILD DEATHS ARE PREVENTABLE Universal coverage with a few interventions can prevent over 1.2 million deaths this year Source: Jones et al Lancet CS series

New Born & Child Health Key Strategies 1.Increase coverage of skilled care at birth for newborns in conjunction with maternal care 2. Implement, by 2010, a newborn and child health package of preventive, promotive and curative interventions using a comprehensive IMNCI approach

New Born & Child Health Key Strategies under RCH II/NRHM 3. Strengthen and augment existing services (care at birth/Essential New born /care, ARI and diarrhea control) in areas where IMNCI is yet to be implemented. 4. Implement the multi year strategic plan for the UIP (Universal Immunization Program)

CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTIONS Essential new born Care Integrated management of neonatal and Child hood Illness Exclusive Breast Feeding and Timely introduction of complimentary Feeding Immunization

CHILD HEALTH INTERVENTIONS Vitamin A and Iron and folic acid supplementation Early detection and management of ARI/ diarrhoea and other infections referral care pre service training

CHILD HEALTH Interventions Essential New born Care Initiation of early breast feeding. Rooming/ keeping baby warm Resuscitation. Infection prevention Immunization

CHILD HEALTH Interventions- Breast Feeding Early Initiation Excusive feeding till 6 months Starting Complementary feeding at 6 months

CHILD HEALTH Interventions - Diarrhoeal disease Increase ORS Use rate /addition of Zinc Prevention of diarrhea (Safe Water, Contd. feeding) Rational drug usage

CHILD HEALTH Interventions - ARI Management Early recognition of fast breathing Cotrimoxazole administration for Pneumonia Rational drug usage

CHILD HEALTH Interventions - Immunizations Complete Immunization schedule in first year Supplementation of Vitamin A and Iron

CHILD HEALTH Interventions – Integrated Management of Neonatal and childhood Illness Appropriate care of sick new born and sick child. Recognition of Danger Signs Counseling on Breast Feeding and Nutrition

CHILD HEALTH Interventions – Referral / Facility Care Care of Sick New born /Child Emergency Assessment /Care. Management of Malnutrition. Pilot in MP

Interventions – Home Based Care Care of Sick New born at Home Based on Gadchiroli Model. Pilot in UP, Bihar, Orissa, Rajasthan and MP

Child health Indicators 1.Infant Mortality Rate/Under five mortality Rate. 2.% of children visited within 24 hrs of and on 3 rd and the 7 th day of delivery by a trained provider. 3.% of children who were breast fed within 1 hr of delivery and exclusively for 6 months. 4.% of children fully immunized.

Child health Indicators 6. % of children with Anaemia and who received IFA syrup. 7. % of children with ARI and % of children with ARI who received antibiotic and were referred to health centre. 8. % of children with diarrhoea who received ORS and were referred to health centre. 9. % of children who have received Vit A all nine doses

Methodology Analysis of: NFHS I, II, III, DLHS III, MIS, on CH indicators Assessment of field visits to States. – Visits to health facilities (District Hospitals, CHC/FRU, PHC, SC – Meetings with health providers at State and district level – Meetings with NGO’s and other stakeholders. – Meeting with beneficiaries and community

TRENDS IN CHILD HEALTH

States: Early initiation of Breast Feeding

Exclusive Breast Feeding All states show improvement except UP, Goa and AP 3 better performing States Exclusive B-fd » Jharkhand (49.7%) » Chhattisgarh (43.2%) » Orissa (43.1%) Performance of other States » Kerala ( 22 % ) » T.N (23 %) » A.P. ( 33%) » Goa (28%) » Puducherry (26 %) Bihar reported least exclusive breast fed children (12%) No state has achieved rate of 50%

Immunization indices are improving

High drop out rates (>15%) remains critical issue in Bihar, MP and UP

Anaemia PrevalenceState Anaemia prevalence more than 70 percent Bihar Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Haryana Chhattisgarh Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Jharkhand Anaemia prevalence Less than 50 percent Goa Manipur Mizoram Kerala Anaemia Is Widespread throughout India Children age 6-59 months

Training - Child health TRAINING SATESDISTRICTSNO. TRAINED IMNCI PRE SERVICE IMNCI 6 STATES-60 MEDICAL COLLEGES 4000

Home visits for New Born across several districts*  63% Home visits on day-1 of reported births  61% 3 home visits in first 10 days * Implementation information available from limited districts

Initiatives in Pipeline F-IMNCI (IMNCI and Facility based care in the process of finalization) Newborn Health Care strategy on the anvil School Health Programme Pentavalent Vaccine

Innovative Schemes District Child Health Co-ordinator (Rajasthan, MP, Orissa) ISO certification of District Hospitals. Standard Protocols for New Born and Sick New Born at District Hospitals (Gujarat) New Born Care Kits (2 Baby Mattresses; 4 Baby Jackets; 3 Baby Caps; 3 pairs of Gloves; 12 Baby Diapers and 8 Baby Blankets) (AP) Health information help line

Way Forward Strengthen Care at birth (Essential Newborn care) at all facilities (logistics and capacity) Scale up IMNCI Training pace (In Service / Pre Service ) Implementation ( in districts ) Supportive supervision Reporting & monitoring Accelerate facility based care for sick newborn and children with standard protocols Intensify BCC for Child Health: feeding practices, ORT, ARI, newborn care practices Training of health providers in non-IMNCI districts on newborn care, ARI and Diarrhea