Demography Miloslav Klugar, Ph.D., PhDr. Social Medicine and Medical Ethics Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Policy Office number: Office hours: Friday 9:00 – 11: 00 Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University in Olomouc

Demography Demography – social science about population (formerly also population science) Main subject of demographical investigation are mass biosocial phenomenon's and processes in the population so-called population (demographical) phenomenon’s and processes These phenomenon’s and processes related to the status and reproduction of population

Characteristics of Demography Typical border discipline Demography according to its tasks: Description of the population > demographical statistics Motion analysis of population dynamics > demographical dynamics Estimates of future population development > demographical prognosis (population projections) Aplication into the practice – a population policy and its impact on the economy, social security, health, education, industry

Goals composition, size, migration of population analysis of previous development formulation of laws - how will population develop in future Demographic data basic data about population ( basis for studies on health status of population) Demographic events First -birth, death Secondary - marriage, divorce, migration, abortion Demography

Demographic information sources Yearbooks Demographic yearbook, UN, since 1948 ( demographic info about chosen countries of the world (not detailed) EUROSTAT ( detailed demographic info about EU countries Czech statistical office ( Č SÚ, very detailed info about Czech inhabitants

As of 1 November 2010, the world population is estimated by the United States Census Bureau to be billion. [2]estimatedUnited States Census Bureau [2] According to papers published by the, the world population hit 6.5 billion (6,500,000,000) on 24 February The United Nations Population Fund designated 12 October 1999 as the approximate day on which world population reached 6 billion. This was about 12 years after world population reached 5 billion in 1987, and 6 years after world population reached 5.5 billion in However, the population of some countries, such as Nigeria and China is not even known to the nearest million, [3] so there is a considerable margin of error in such estimates. [4] United Nations Population FundNigeria [3] [4]

Health related data Health service data Sources of demographic data : Census (population census) Vital statistic Migration Population register Specific surveys Population estimates Population projections Mid year population

Sources of health data Surveys administrative data - rates of hospital admissions, treatment, diagnoses registries - disease registrations for certain chronic disease (reports sent by private practitioners, clinics, pathology, departments) reports - reports of unusual occurrences, increase in disease rates to responsibility agencies - reportable diseases / law requires - medical journals

Vital statistics - birth, marriage, death In 17th Century England, John Graunt ( ) systematized record -keeping, since than, vital statistic the most reliable and consistently recorded data source birth certificate death certificate - signed by licensed physician and includes cause of death, name, birth date, sex, place of residence and death

DEMOGRAPHIC STATICS Population and its structure Density 1 km 2 concentration structure of population: 1) biological - sex, age 2) social legal 3) social - economic ad1) structure in accordance with sex : index of masculinity = number of men/per 1000 women index of femininity = number of women /per 1000 men

ad2) structure in accordance with age : Age (biological view) pre-reproductive age years reproductive age 15 – 49 years post-reproductive 50 dependency ratio – according Biological generation

Population state indicators Age pyramid progressive (I. BG > III. BG) stationary (I. BG ~ III. BG) regressive(I. BG < III. BG) ion/animations/age_pyramid/

Sundbärg’s population types

Population perspective in CR

Demographic indicators Basic indicators mortality – death ability fertility – ability of reproduction marriage – ability of making couples, which make possible a reproduction divorce – ability to cancel out of made couples migration – ability to move

Demographic indicators Mortality death rate exposition – estimate of average of population – mid-year state of population Mid-year state of population is estimated 1. arithmetical average of first and last value in the time period 2. size of population in the centre of the interval

II. Neoplasms IX. Diseases of the circulatory system X. Diseases of the respiratory system XI. Diseases of the digestive system XIV. Diseases of the genitourinary system XX. External causes of morbidity and mortality

Demographic indicators Specific indicators of mortality (by age, by sex etc.) suckling mortality – mortality up to 1 year of the suckling´s life suckling mortality quotient newborn mortality – mortality up to 28 days after childbirth newborn mortality quotient

Demographic indicators Natality natality rate fertility rate Europe is the continent with the lowest level of fertility worldwide. Total fertility is defined as the average number of children live born to 1 woman during her reproductive period.

Demographic indicators specific rate of fertility – includes age of the women total fertility rate – average number of children, which are born to 1 woman, fertility is not changing, mortality up to 50 years is zero net rate of reproduction – number of girls, which are born to 1 women, fertility is not changing a mortality up to 50 years is also not changing crude rate of reproduction – number of girls, which are born to 1 women, fertility is not changing a mortality up to 50 years is zero

Demographic indicators Newborn classification sex – index of masculinity and feminity vitality legitimate maturity – readiness to live in the real world full-term baby not full-term baby

Demographic indicators Abortion crude rate of abortion specific rate of abortion – includes age of the women total rate of abortion – average number of abortions per life of the women, fertility and abortion rate is not changing and death rate up to 50 years is zero

Demographic indicators specific marriage rate specific first marriage rate first marriage average age

Demographic indicators crude divorce rate specific divorce rate specific divorce rates

Demographic indicators Migration number of moved in (I) and moved out (E) migration balance total migration immigration intensity emigration intensity

Demographic indicators Life expectancy The decrease of mortality is reflected in the increasing life expectancy i.e. the length of further life expected at reaching certain age. The average life expectancy at birth in EU countries approaches 77 years for men and 83 years for women. mations/life_expectancy/

WHO INTERACTIVE CHART /life_expectancy/atlas.html