Respiratory, Muscular & Skeletal Systems

Specialized Tissues What are groups of similar cells called? What are the 4 basic types of tissues in animals? Tissues 1.Epithelial 2.Connective 3.Nervous 4.Muscle

Epithelial Tissue Define: Examples: Include glands and tissues that cover internal and external body structures Skin Linings of blood vessels Lining of digestive tract

Functions: Protect tissues beneath Absorption of gases & nutrients Secretion of substances Provide sensation

Connective Tissue Define: Characteristics come from: What is the extracellular matrix? Provides support for body and connects its parts The extracellular matrix non-living material that surrounds and supports the living cells.

Examples: Blood Bone Ligaments/tendons Cartilage Adipose (fat) Mesenteries

What is the matrix of blood? What are the cells of blood? Plasma (55% 0f blood volume) Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets

What is the matrix of bone? What are the cells of bone? Collagen protein Calcium Phosphate Osteocytes

What is the matrix of cartilage? What are the cells of cartilage? Collagen protein Elastin fibers Chondrocytes

Why does bone heal quickly? Why does cartilage heal slowly/not at all? Large blood supply No blood supply

Nervous Tissue Define: Examples: Tissue that transmits nerve impulses through body Brain Spinal Cord Sensory & Motor Nerves

Muscle Tissue Define: Examples: Tissue is made of "excitable" cells that are capable of contraction Most abundant tissue type in most animals Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

Respiratory System Function of system: Relationship to cellular respiration: Brings about the exchange of O 2 and CO 2 between the blood, the air and the tissues of an organism Provides O 2 to the cells so that glucose can be broken down/converted to ATP

The Respiratory System & Metabolism What is cellular metabolism? The chemical processes occurring within a living cell that are necessary for the maintenance of life

The Respiratory System & Metabolism, cont. Building of larger molecules from smaller ones: Energy is: Breaking down of larger molecules to smaller: Energy is: Anabolism Used Catabolism Released

Structures of Respiratory System Main organs: Place of gas exchange: Other structures: Lungs Alveoli (clusters of air sacs that look like grapes) Trachea Left/Right Bronchi Bronchioles Diaphragm

Muscular System Function of system: What are the 2 basic types of muscle action? To provide movement for and within the body Voluntary Involuntary

Energy Needs of Muscle Types What cellular organelle is found in great numbers in muscle cells? What 2 muscle types require constant energy? What 2 muscle types can require a rapid input of energy? Mitochondrion Cardiac Smooth Cardiac Skeletal

Body Systems & Cellular Respiration What system provides energy? What system takes nutrients, gases & wastes to/from cells? What system provides gas exchange? What system controls lungs? What system controls the others? Digestive Circulatory Respiratory Muscular Nervous

Skeletal System Functions: Supports body Protects internal organs Provides movement Stores mineral reserves Site of blood cell formation

Skeletal System, cont. What is an endoskeleton? Organisms with endoskeleton: An internal skeleton Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Birds Fish

Skeletal System, cont. What is an exoskeleton? Organisms with exoskeleton: Organisms with both: An external skeleton Insects Crustaceans Mollusks Tortoise Armadillo

Skeletal System, cont. Where do bones meet? What holds 2 or more bones together? What attaches muscle to bone? Joints Ligaments Tendons