Rivers and Streams Courtney Monroe February 30, 2012

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H 2 O through the hydrosphere, and other spheres.

Also called the hydrologic cycle.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H 2 O through the hydrosphere, and other spheres.

H 2 O can only be added to an area by runoff, by infiltration and by precipitation.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H 2 O through the hydrosphere, and other spheres. H 2 O can only be removed from an area by runoff, by infiltration and by evaporation.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H 2 O through the hydrosphere, and other spheres. H 2 O can only be removed from an area by runoff, by infiltration and by evaporation. Transpiration (plants) and evaporation (from water areas) is called EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H 2 O through the hydrosphere Will the water budget ever be in balance locally?

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H 2 O through the hydrosphere Will the water budget ever be in balance locally? NO!! It is usually raining, or transpiring/evaporating, but not both in equal amounts at the same time.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H 2 O through the hydrosphere Will the water budget ever be in balance worldwide?

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H 2 O through the hydrosphere Will the water budget ever be in balance worldwide? Yes!! Otherwise the air would “dry out”, or get “misty” everywhere.

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H 2 O through the hydrosphere Where will most of the water evaporate from?

Water Cycle ~ the movement of H 2 O through the hydrosphere Where will most of the water evaporate from? THE OCEAN, since ¾ of Earth is covered by it!!

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle.

Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface.

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle. Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface. Infiltration ~ is water moving through the cracks and pores of surface soils.

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle. Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface. Infiltration ~ is water moving through the cracks and pores of surface soils. Transpiration ~ is the release of water from plants.

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle. Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface. Infiltration ~ is water moving through the cracks and pores of surface soils. Transpiration ~ is the release of water from plants. Perspiration ~ is something that good athletes do a lot. Rarely seen at LSW????

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle. Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface. Infiltration ~ is water moving through the cracks and pores of surface soils. Transpiration ~ is the release of water from plants. Perspiration ~ is something that good athletes do a lot. Rarely seen at LSW???? Evapotranspiration is a bit of both.

Water Cycle is water constantly moving among the oceans, the atmosphere, the solid Earth, and the biosphere. This unending circulation of Earth’s water supply is the water cycle. Runoff ~ is water flowing downslope along the Earth’s surface. Infiltration ~ is water moving through the cracks and pores of surface soils. Transpiration ~ is the release of water from plants. Perspiration ~ is something that good athletes do a lot. Rarely seen at LSW???? Evapotranspiration is a bit of both. Recycling of water, almost does not exist. 90% of all water used by industry and cities runs back to the Ocean.

Runoff ~ water flowing down slope along the Earth’s surface.

Factors that determine rates of water runoff 1.Amount of vegetation Rate of Precipitation Soil Composition Slope

Factors that determine rates of water runoff 1.Amount of vegetation 2.Rate of Precipitation Soil Composition Slope

Factors that determine rates of water runoff 1.Amount of vegetation 2.Rate of Precipitation 3.Soil Composition Slope

Factors that determine rates of water runoff 1.Amount of vegetation 2.Rate of Precipitation 3.Soil Composition 4.Slope

Factors that determine rates of water runoff Amount of vegetation

Factors that determine rates of water runoff Rate of precipitation Started to rain

Factors that determine rates of water runoff Rate of precipitation

Factors that determine rates of water runoff Soil composition. Loose soil with heavy rains, with little soil to hold it in place will often cause mud slides.

Porosity is the amount of space in the pores of the soil, in this case a poorly sorted specimen.

Permeability is how fast water will flow through something.

Factors that determine rates of water runoff Soil composition. Loose soil with heavy rains, with little soil to hold it in place will often cause mud slides.

Mud slide

Factors that determine rates of water runoff Slope

Stream Systems Brooks and Creeks -> Streams Streams --> Rivers Rivers --> Watershed areas

Stream Systems Brooks and Creeks -> Streams Streams --> Rivers Rivers --> Watershed areas Brook behind Southwest High School Salt Creek to Platte River (French for “flat”) Missouri Mississippi Gulf of Mexico Ocean

Continental Divide

Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a stream carries. Solution ~ Dissolved minerals. Suspension ~ Particles held up by the moving water. Bed load ~ Particles bounced along the bottom of the stream.

Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a stream carries. Solution ~ Dissolved minerals. a.Usually salts, or salt forming ions. b.Counted in parts per million (ppm).

Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a stream carries. Solution ~ Dissolved minerals. See page 216 in book.

Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a stream carries. Suspension ~ Particles held up by the moving water.

Stream Load ~ All the materials that the water in a stream carries. Bed load ~ Particles bounced along the bottom of the stream.

Stream Velocity and Carrying Capacity Stream Velocity based on how fast water flows. Carrying capacity is how much of a stream load a stream can….carry. Based largely on discharge. m 3 / s = meters x meters x meters ÷ seconds

Floodplains Flood ~ too much water in one place at one time. Floodplain ~ where all that water goes a.Nice an flat b.Fertile soils c.Sometimes covered with water i 10 year flood ii 50 year flood iii 100 year flood iv 500 year flood