Fresh Water Chapter 1 Water and Atmosphere

Lesson 1: Water on Earth

Which process is visible in the fog? What about in the clouds?

Evaporation can be used to harvest salt. Can you explain why?

Evaporation from a power plant. Which state change is occurring here?

What is this varied process?

Which processes are occurring?

This is a diagram of …

Groundwater Usage and Contributions

Many organisms live in aquatic environments…

The Water Cycle is as simple as this…

Lesson 2: Surface Water

Lake Hopatcong, which was created by damning two ponds, is the largest lake in New Jersey.

Lake Hopatcong is an example of  A reservoir  A reservoir is a manmade lake created by building a dam. The reservoir is a way to store water for human use.  Other types of lakes include volcanic lakes, glacial lakes, and rift valley lakes (p.15).

Types of Lakes The Great Lakes = Glacial Lakes Crater Lake = Volcanic Lake in Oregon

What are the differences between a lake and a pond?  Ponds are shallow bodies of still water.  Sunlight reaches the bottom allowing plants to grow.  Plants, bacteria and algae share the ecosystem with small animals.  Lakes are deeper bodies of still water.  Sunlight does not reach the bottom and lakes are colder than ponds.  Larger fish and organisms can survive in lakes. Bacteria and algae are also present.

Lake are dynamic features on Earth’s surface. What is lake eutrophication?

 is the process of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) building up in a lake. The nutrients cause an algal bloom (population explosion), which forms a thick layer on the surface of the lake. The algae block sunlight preventing photosynthesizing organisms from the sun. This creates a shift in the food webs and ecosystems of the lake. Dead organisms, nutrients, and sediments begin to fill in the lake. Over time the lake fills in and becomes a meadow. Lake eutrophication

Lake eutrophication is a natural process which takes centuries. What has the lake below become?

 Fertilizer runoff from agriculture, golf courses, and lands developed for homes.  Poor land usage practices can lead to topsoil runoff.  Inorganic waste from factories and cities.  Excess sediments runoff from mining or from deforestation. How could humans impact lake eutrophication?

Cultural eutrophication is a much faster process and is driven by manmade factors.

Name the elevated landform between the two rivers.

What does a divide separate?

What is a watershed?  Also called a drainage basin, a watershed is land that supplies water to a river system. Smaller tributaries feed the larger rivers making up the river system.

Where is the closest watershed?  Right outside your doorstep!

 Look at the map on p.12 of your textbook.  Identify the major watersheds in the United States.  Which landform is the divide separating New Jersey from those major watersheds?  We need a different map to investigate New Jersey’s watersheds. Watersheds

Major NJ Rivers

What is our watershed address?  New Jersey’s five watershed regions and major waterways (click) New Jersey’s five watershed regions and major waterways (click)  (or click here for online link)here

Great Egg Harbor Watershed Watershed Region: Atlantic Coastal NJ Watershed Management Area #15

Why is it important to protect your watershed?

Water Pollution Activity: What’s the Point? How can a watershed be affected by humans?

Cup IDSpeculated Contaminant Speculated Contaminant Source Actual Contaminant Point or Nonpoint Pollution? Cup A Cup B Cup C Cup D Cup E Cup F Please set up this data table in your notebook.

Cup IDSpeculated Contaminant Speculated Contaminant Source Actual Contaminant Point or Nonpoint Pollution? Cup A Cup B Cup C Cup D Cup E Cup F Investigate your water sample. Try to determine the contaminant. What could be a likely source?

 Water pollution comes in many forms and the source of the contaminants is not always obvious.  There are two types of water pollution:  Point source  Nonpoint source Water Pollution

What’s the Point? (source of pollution) Point Source Pollutants  Point source water pollution occurs when the contaminant comes from an obvious source.  Point source contaminants come from industrial, commercial, and residential.  Often there are waste products that are a byproduct of daily operations. Nonpoint Source Pollutants  Nonpoint source water pollution occurs when the contaminant comes from a source that is not easily identifiable or from a number of sources.  Nonpoint pollution often originates as precipitation and collects contaminants as it travels across the ground until it becomes polluted.

What is the source of the water pollution?

What’s the point? It isn’t always obvious.

…but I hope the consequences of water pollution are obvious.

Point Source vs. Nonpoint Source: Which is more difficult to identify and control?  Examples of point pollution include: tanker oil spill in water, animal waste treatment lagoon spills, or wastewater treatment facilities.  Examples of nonpoint pollution include: agricultural or urban runoff (fertilizers), runoff from parking lots (grease, gasoline), salt contamination from road de-icing.

Cup IDSpeculated Contaminant Speculated Contaminant Source Actual Contaminant Point or Nonpoint Pollution? Cup ASoil/Sediment Cup BBleach Cup COil Cup DDetergent Cup EFertilizer Cup FNone The Actual Contaminants: Are these point or nonpoint sources of water pollution?

Cup IDSpeculated Contaminant Speculated Contaminant Source Actual Contaminant Point or Nonpoint Pollution? Cup ASoil/SedimentNonpoint Cup BBleachNonpoint Cup COilPoint and Nonpoint Cup DDetergentNonpoint Cup EFertilizerNonpoint Cup FNoneN/A The Actual Contaminants: Are these point or nonpoint sources of water pollution?

Complete the lab activity questions.  Aerial photo of wetlands in southern New Jersey

Lesson 3: Water Underground  What percentage of fresh water is underground?  30% of fresh water is underground.  Let’s see how it gets there.

Which property allows water to pass this concrete?  Can you name some substances that allow water to pass through them?  What is the opposite property called?

Sand and Clay are tiny sediments.  Which sediment has larger particles?  Which sediment has more space for water to filter through?  Permeable or impermeable?

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Zones

Does the ground water stay in one place?  No. Groundwater can travel hundreds of kilometers and stay in the aquifer for thousands of years.  Why is the confined aquifer under pressure?  The clay and shale reduce movement of the water due to low permeability.

How does the artesian well in this image deliver groundwater?  The artesian well must be dug below the water table and through impermeable rock.  The impermeable rock keeps the aquifer under pressure, so the water will spurt out of the well without a pump.