ESA’s Living Planet Programme: Overview & Status Mark R. Drinkwater European Space Agency Earth Observation Programmes

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 2 ESA’s E.O. Toolkit †

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 3 The Science and Research Component of the Living Planet Programme Focus on: Atmosphere Cryosphere Biosphere Geosphere Hydrosphere To:  Improve the understanding of the interactions between components of the Earth System  Understand the impact of human activities on natural Earth processes Earth Explorers - I Key Scientific Challenges identified in “The Changing Earth”, ESA SP-1304 Living Planet Programme (LPP)

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 4 Scientific challenges for ESA’s LPP Updated Science Strategy for ESA’s LPP, after broad user consultation SP-1304 identifies key scientific challenges for: hydrosphere, atmosphere, cryosphere, biosphere and geosphere Emphasis on the system approach, where interactions and interfaces between different parts of the Earth system are fundamental

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 5 Oceans Cryosphere Land Surface Climatology + Global Ozone + Land Surface + Ocean Colour + Atmospheric Constituents ERS 1 ERS 2 ENVISAT Europe’s expanding EO capability Earth Watch GMES Earth Watch GMES Earth Explorers Earth Explorers History of ESA Earth Observation Still alive!

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 6 METEOSAT Second Generation MSG-1, -2, -3 METEOSAT M-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 METOP-1, -2, -3 Earth Watch Earth Explorers ERS-1, ENVISAT GOCE GMES in cooperation with EC SMOS (Gravity and Ocean Circulation Explorer) Earthnet: European access to non-ESA missions: Landsat, SeaWifs, NOAA, JERS, MODIS, ALOS, Proba, Bird, Scisat... European users Since 1977 Sentinel 1 Sentinel 2 to better understand the Earth System in cooperation with EUMETSAT Meteo Applications Services to initiate long term monitoring systems and services Sentinel 4/5 Science (Gravity and Ocean Circulation Explorer) (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) CryoSat2 (Polar Ice Monitoring) EO Missions handled by ESA EOP ADM/Aeolus (Atmospheric Dynamics Mission) SWARM (Magnetic Mission) EarthCare (Clouds, Aerosols & Radiation Mission) Sentinel 3

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 7 Operational Service drivenResearch driven Earth ExplorerEarth Watch Core Missions Opportunity Missions EUMETSATGMES Meteosat MSG EPS (MetOp) MTG Post EPS Sentinel 1 GOCE 2008 EarthCARE 2013 ADM-Aeolus 2009 CryoSat SMOS 2008 Swarm 2010 Sentinel 2 Sentinel 3 Sentinel 4 Sentinel Candidate Core Explorers Earth Explorer ? ESA’s Living Planet Programme

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII Core Opportunity GOCE ADM-Aeolus EarthCARE Cryosat 2 Swarm Gravity Field and Steady State Ocean Circulation Explorer Atmospheric Dynamics Mission Cloud, Aerosols & Radiation Explorer Sea Ice thickness and Ice sheet topography Geomagnetic field survey ESA Earth Explorers SMOS Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 9 GOCE: ESA’s Gravity Mission Its objectives are to improve understanding of: –global ocean circulation and transfer of heat –physics of the Earth’s interior (lithosphere & mantle) –sea level records, topographic processes, evolution of ice sheets and sea level change G The Gravity field and steady-state OCE Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE)

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 10 CryoSat: ESA’s Ice Mission Its objectives are to improve our understanding of: - thickness and mass fluctuations of polar land and marine ice - to quantify rates of thinning/thickening due to climate variations

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 11 SMOS: Water Mission Its objectives are: - to provide global maps of soil moisture and ocean salinity for hydrological studies - to advance our understanding of the freshwater cycle - to improve climate, weather and extreme-event forecasting

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 12 ADM-Aeolus: Wind Mission Its objectives are: - to provide global observations of wind profiles from space - to improve the quality of weather forecasting - to enhance our understanding of atmospheric dynamics and climate processes

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 13 Swarm: Magnetic Mission Courtesy GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam GFZ The objectives of the Swarm constellation are: - to provide the best-ever survey of the Earth’s geomagnetic field and its variation in time - to use these data to gain new insight into the Earth’s interior and climate. Courtesy EADS, Astrium

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 14 EarthCARE: Cloud & Aerosol Mission EarthCARE is a joint European - Japanese mission Its objectives are: - to improve process understanding of cloud-aerosol-radiation interactions - to measure parameters to be included in models - to improve climate and weather model predictions

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 15 The Six Candidate EE7 Missions BIOMASS A BIOMASS Monitoring Mission for Carbon Assessment FLEX FLuorescence Explorer Core-H2O Cold Regions Hydrology High-resolution Observatory A-SCOPE Advanced Space Carbon and Climate Observation of Planet Earth PREMIER PRocess Exploration through Measurements of Infrared and millimetre-wave Emitted Radiation TRAQ TRopospheric composition and Air Quality Mission Advisory Groups formed and several rounds of meetings taken place since Nov (Mission Requirement Document preparation => derivation of technical requirements). Two parallel Industrial Mission Assessment studies underway – to assess each concept

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 16 EarthWatch: Global Monitoring for Environment and Security ESA GMES Space Segment Sentinel 1 – SAR imaging –Continuity of established SAR applications Sentinel 2 – Superspectral imaging –Continuity of Landsat/SPOT class land measurements Sentinel 3 – Ocean and Global Land monitoring –Wide-swath multi-spectral sensors, SAR altimeter Geostationary & LEO atmosphericSentinels 4/5 – Geostationary & LEO atmospheric –atmospheric composition monitoring, trans-boundary pollution Close cooperation/coordination with European Commission and Eumetsat

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 17 ESA EO Launch Schedule

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 18 Main facts about ESA Announcements of Opportunity  an ESA AO is a limited duration call for proposals to access to ESA data for Research and Application Development (data provided free of charge after PB-EO approval)  Single Web interface for proposal submission, evaluation and reporting of results  Example of AOs Earth Explorers Data: Earth Observation AOs

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 19 Conclusions The Living Planet Programme features exciting new missions focusing on specific scientific or operational goals Six science-driven Earth Explorers are approved and under development (7 th EE under consideration) 3 operational GMES Sentinel missions (1A, 2A, 3A) approved and under development –Sentinel-4/-5 presently under consideration ESA to launch a succession of EO satellite missions over the next decade – with which to address key elements of the Earth system

M. Drinkwater - May GODAE IGST XIII 20 A constant objective:  ease access to Earth Observation data q Common objective for all missions data handled by ESA: Envisat, ERS, Earth Explorers, and Third Party Missions (e.g. ALOS, SPOT-4, PROBA, …) q Simplified online application for scientific data use q Internet access to all Near Real Time (NRT) data q Internet access to archived data gradually implemented q Development of alternative ways to provide data (e.g. processing on demand, toolboxes) Access to EO Data via