DEVELOPMENT OF ESTONIAN AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Supply and Technical Assistance Contract for procurement of Air Quality Management System (AQMS) EU Commission Phare Programme EuropeAid/114968/D/S/EE

The Background: According to the Air Quality Framework Directive 96/62/EC, all EU Member States, which do not have representative measurements of the levels of pollutants for all zones and Agglomerations shall undertake series of representative measurements, surveys or Assessments in order to have the data available for implementation of the Directive Assessments in order to have the data available for implementation of the Directive.

The Goal: To Provide Estonia with a Modern Nationwide Air Quality Management System

A Presentation of the Project Components Air Quality Modelling Internet Based Application System Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations Meteorological Measurement Equipment Passives Sampler Campaigns Laboratory Equipment Computers Training

Main Partners Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC) via the formal Beneficiary The Ministry of Environment SMHI, Sweden  Apertum, Sweden (Internet System)  Candela, Poland (Laboratory Equipment)  Conexor, Sweden (Project Management)  FDS, Sweden (Meteorological Equipment)  Horiba, Germany (Monitoring Equipment)  IVL, Sweden (Passive Samplers)  Kernel, Estonia (Computers)

How it started Phare Programme Twinning Projects Sida (Swedish International Development and Cooperation Agency) project in Tallinn since early 90's

Air Quality Monitoring Equipment Three new monitoring stations will measure SO 2 NO X O 3 PM 10 / 2.5 TSP BTX

Meteorological Equipment Three 24 meter masts will provide input to large scale modelling Ultrasonic Anemometers (x, y, z) wind components Differential temperature Temperature Humidity Precipitation

Passive Samplers The pollutant is transported to the sorbent by molecular diffusion Sampling time 1 – 4 weeks SO 2, NO 2, VOC 145 samplers per campaign; 3 campaigns nationwide

Laboratory Equipment Chromato-mass detector for organic pollution determination High performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and UV detector (ketones + aldehydes) Heavy metal detection equipment ICP (air + precipitation)

Air Quality Modelling Wind model Langrangean / Gaussian model Grid model MATCH model Heavy gas model Street canyon model Receptor model

The Internet Application The Airviro System The Internet Airviro is based on the fact that many customers, like the EERC, are looking for applications which make use of the Internet for decentralization of work and responsibilities.

One corner stone is that only ONE application installation is needed (in the Central Office). Users at the Central Offices access via the Local Area Network (LAN). County Offices access via the Internet utilizing a standard PC and an Internet connection. No additional application/software installations are needed at the County Offices.

Another corner stone is that all applications are run (computed) in the Central Server at the Central Office. This means that only one powerful server is needed, but in this case it is duplicated. Service & Maintenance as well as upgrades are consequently easily accomplished only in the Central Server via direct access by the supplier.

LINUX operating system is nowadays becoming the standard for Government systems especially when it comes to web servers. MS Windows based systems are vulnerable to virus attacks and have security problems.

The Stockholm System will now be used in the following as a demonstration

The user logs into the I-Airviro with his own password. He will then get access to the functions, databases, etc., that are set up by the System Manager. Users at the Central Office and the County Offices may work with each other's databases, results, etc. That allows the Central Office to interact in an optimized way with the County Offices.

The Indico Administration The administration of the monitoring stations is done from the Central System.

The Indico Presentation The data analyses are carried out in Indico Presentation. The user's login will set which stations (databases) the user can access. This also opens for external users to access the I-Airviro system.

Please note that the window handling is according to standard. Any window can be copied, printed, and used in any application like MS Word. Several windows with various results (graphs) can be displayed at the same time. The time scale on the x-axis and the value scale on the y-axis can easily be zoomed in and out.

The output can be 1) graphs, 2) pdf (e.g. for distribution), 3) text (ASCII). Excel interface for import/export of data via Internet (separate module: Waved).

The Emission Database The Emission Database is the crucial input for dispersion modelling, but can also be used for emission estimations of various kinds. The user's login will set which databases the user can access. This also opens for external users to use the I-Airviro system.

The map handling allows for the use of various maps on any scale (zoom in/out and pan). This allows for a stepwise development of the application once additional County Offices enter into the project. Special function for input/output of emission data via Excel interface (Wedbed) which is used for distributed (local/regional) work with emission data.

A Regional Co-operation is established in Stockholm Region which is the cornerstone for the EDB development and maintenance. The EDB is the largest distributed EDB in the world (48 local authorities of various sizes). The large scale emission estimates below origin from this co-operation:

The map choice is followed by the choice to show the source on the map and/or as a listing (edit mode). And then the source(s) can be edited (added, changed, deleted) interactively.

The Search Criteria allows for extraction of the data from the EDB in various ways. The map function allows for EDB work on different scales by easy zoom in/our in different windows. Printing of results uses standard MS Windows functions.

Point sources are handled in the same way. The map function allows for easy zoom in/our in different windows. The following three slides show the dominating district heating plant in Uppsala. Please note how the calculated emission change when the map is zoomed closer and closer to the main source.

The Dispersion Module Several types of Dispersion Models are integrated in the system. The models will need map, topography, roughness, and meteorology/climatology information.

The models are developed and supported by the SMHI with all its research and development resources combined with its international co- operation in the field. Wind model Langrangean / Gaussian model Grid model MATCH model Heavy gas model Street canyon model Receptor model

The following four slides show the results from a Grid Model calculation over Stockholm area for NO X from traffic. The utilized EDB is developed under the regional co-operation where Local Offices contribute with emission information to the Central Database.

The Gaussian Model is well-known and proven. The example shows the dispersion results from a specific hour taken from the meteorological database. The output can, just as for any of the other models, be adjusted for various purposes and demands.

The Street Canyon Model can be run as a Time Series.

The Heavy Gas Model can be used for planning purposes on any area. The industrial applications of the Heavy Gas Model could be subject for development discussions.

Some experiences from other AQM projects Successful projects are based on synergetic principles; i.e. if I provide information to you and you provide information to me, = 3 TTT = Things Take Time Sharing information with the general public and/or the media often creates some problems but it also creates understanding and consequently long- term improvements

Thank you for your interest and GOOD LUCK!!! You can find this presentation on