 SAP AG CSU Chico Searching and Selecting Data from R/3 ABAP/4 class Gail Corbitt - Fall 1998

 SAP AG CSU Chico Overall Objectives Learn how to find things in the Database Learn how to select things from R/3 Manipulate the data in internal tables Display data in a report Do at least 3 assignments between now and the end of the term

 SAP AG CSU Chico Finding Data Elements in R/3 Use ABAP/4 Data Dictionary SE16 to look up tables (if you know the name of the table) SE11 to look up everything including tables SE15 to look up data elements that may exist in several tables Where used can show you programs, other tables, and logical databases where the table is used

 SAP AG CSU Chico Types of Tables Transparent Table: A real table in the Database = Table Pool Table: A real table in the database made up of several other tables, I.e. Cost centers by company code within controlling area (They appear to the user as separate tables, but are stored as one large table.) Cluster Table: No longer used -- a few hold overs from R/2 when some parent child relationships should have been stored as separate tables but were not, I.e. PO Header and PO Line Items. Internal Table: Structure that contains no data - used with a program -- can export to external table

 SAP AG CSU Chico Accessing Data in R/3 Uses 4 SQL commands in relation to tables SELECT: Reads data from a Table or a View UPDATE: Changes Data in a Table INSERT: Adds records (rows) to a Table DELETE: Removes records (rows) from a Table Basic Form SELECT data elements, * FROM Table-name [WHERE condition]. …. ENDSELECT.

 SAP AG CSU Chico Accessing Data in R/3 Operators to Use with WHERE clause EQ (Equals): = NE (Not equal to): <>, >< GT (Greater Than): > LT (Less Than): < GE (Greater Than or Equal To): >= LE (Less Than or Equal To): <= Exercise: Write a program to select all fields from T001 Modify the program to select all fields from T001 where the company code Greater Than or Equal To 3000

 SAP AG CSU Chico Accessing Data in R/3 More Uses of WHERE Clause AND: Creates a condition where all conditions must be True OR: Create a condition where at least one condition must be True NOT: Creates a condition where condition is everything but the Not clause-- Examples:  WHERE field [NOT] BETWEEN value 1 AND value 2.  WHERE field NOT value1, value2, …value n.  WHERE field NOT LIKE string. _ used as wild card for any single character % used as wild card for any string of characters

 SAP AG CSU Chico Accessing Data in R/3: ORDER BY Can add ORDER BY clause to any SELECT statement Example: ORDER BY field1, field2,… fieldn Example: ORDER BY PRIMARY KEY

 SAP AG CSU Chico Using Logical Databases Logical Database: logical model of tables specific to a single business object, I.e. Purchase Order, Sales Order, etc. Usually written by SAP-- has own selection screen Shows relationships among several tables used to maintain the single business object Hides complexity of the real table structure from the user Look at EKKO and EKPO

 SAP AG CSU Chico Using Logical Databases: GET GET command is an event that can be used to return the data from a hierarchical structure in a logical db Example: GET MARAV. Logical Database: MARAV MARM MBEWV MVKE MARCV PROPF MARD Material Header Quantity Unit View for Logical DB Material Master: Sales Data View for Logical DB MSM Forecast Parameters MM: Storage Loc/Batch Seg.

 SAP AG CSU Chico Using Logical Databases: GET GET only used with Logical Databases: triggers a new read Logical Database is not mentioned in GET Attributed from Logical DB assigned to program when GET is used START-OF-SELECTION can be used to do more than one GET; also include END-OF-SELECTION. GET MARAV. …… GET MARD. Retrieves every node in-between the 2 events. GET … LATE triggers get after rows have been read

 SAP AG CSU Chico Using Logical Databases: GET To add a condition onto a GET use CHECK CHECK includes a condition statement If CHECK fails the program exits the GET on that row If CHECK passes the GET continues processing rows. EXAMPLE: GET MARAV. CHECK MARAV-MTART = ‘T001’. WRITE: /, /, (15) MARAV-MATNR. Example checks to see if material number is T001 Similar to WHERE in SELECT

 SAP AG CSU Chico Programming Assignment Using Program 1 in Report Painter as the example Find all the cost transactions for 1997, Controlling area 2000, Cost Center Group H3000, Periods 1-12 for All Cost Elements. Display the Actual Costs in a report. Do not use the CCSS Structure Find the Logical Database or the Tables you need (you can use CCSS as a reference) Extra Credit to include Planned Costs and Variance so that the report looks like your first report writer assignment.