Direct vs. Indirect Emissions Estimated CO 2 equivalent emissions from an average supermarket –Direct = refrigerant emissions –Indirect = energy consumption 1

Direct Emissions Direct GHG impacts will be assessed offline based on estimated annual refrigerant losses & GWP-weighting –Charge Size x Emissions Rate = Total Ref Loss Results will be integrated to provide a “common denominator” (in MTCO 2 E) to compare different systems equitably Direct emission results will be layered over results from DOE 2.2R and EnergyPlus (i.e., indirect) 2

33 Preliminary Assumptions for Estimating Direct Emissions System Configuration Centralized Direct Expansion Distributed Secondary Loop Refrigerant TypeR-404A, R-507 R-404A & glycol/ CO2 Charge Size (lbs)* Small Supermarket (210,420 BTU) Large Supermarket (713,750 BTU) 2,0751, Big Box Food Store (1,100,042 BTU) 3,2002, Leak Rate (percent of charge per year) Average 18%15%10% Range (of averages) 15% - 25%10% - 15%5% - 15% Charge size assumptions based on available literature; may be revised upon review of data from Savings by Design. Additional stakeholder data on charge size is encouraged.

Leak Reduction Measures Mandatory leak reduction measures will be proposed to minimize direct GHG impacts, not to enhance energy efficiency per se –No direct correlation between leakage & efficiency in large refrigeration systems, but minimizing leakage of high-GWP refrigerants is necessary for environmental health Measures will reflect basic good practices/standard industry practices

Leak Reduction Measures  Focused on design & installation  Developed based on:  ANSI/ASHRAE standard  ANSI/ASHRAE  ANSI/IIAR  GreenChill Best Practices  2009 International Mechanical Code (IMC)  Institute of Refrigeration. January Designing out leaks: design standards and practices  Institute of Refrigeration. December Code of Practice for Refrigerant Leak Tightness in Compliance with F-Gas Regulation  Industry input 55

Leak Reduction Measures  Requesting stakeholder input on:  Appropriateness/feasibility of draft measures  Cost effectiveness  Other measures to consider? 6