Copy the following onto the top fifteen lines of Portfolio page 41. Wilmot Proviso introduced Congress divided Fears of new slave states The Mexican War Wilmot Proviso defeated The Mexican Cession Free Soil Party formed

Copy the following onto the bottom half seven lines of Portfolio page 41. How did the Compromise of 1850 attempt to satisfy both the North and the South? The North The South

Copy the following onto Portfolio page 42. How did each man help end the controversy over California statehood? Henry Clay Daniel Webster Stephen Douglas

Section 15.1b: Growing Tensions Between North and South Today we will describe how territorial expansion deepened the divisions between the North and the South.

Today’s Vocabulary describe – to give details about territorial expansion –making a country bigger by getting new lands deepen – to make worse division – separation

Check for Understanding What are we going to do today? What does it mean to ‘describe’? What does it mean to ‘deepen’? What is territorial expansion?

Missouri Compromise of 1820 Missouri – FREE or SLAVE? Congress raged back and forth over this… Free State or Slave State?? Both sides worried about who would have a majority in Congress… In the meantime, Maine also wanted in… Henry Clay (House Speaker) proposed compromise: Missouri: Slave… Maine: Free Kept the balance of power in the Senate even..

What We Already Know

Missouri Compromise of 1820 After the Missouri Compromise of 1820, political disagreements over slavery seemed to go away.

What We Already Know The rise of the abolition movement once again made many Southerners distrustful of their Northern neighbors.

What We Already Know The War with Mexico caused many Northerners to believe that Southerners wanted to take territory from Mexico in order to extend slavery.

What We Already Know After the Mexican War, the United States gained ownership of a huge new area of land known as the Mexican Cession.

The Wilmot Proviso Many Northerners feared that slavery would expand into the Mexican Cession. Congressman David Wilmot tried to ban slavery in the Mexican Cession.

The Wilmot Proviso The bill’s failure led to the birth of the Free Soil Party. Slavery now became a key issue in national politics, and politicians could no longer ignore it.

Wilmot Proviso introduced Free Soil Party formed Fears of new slave states The Mexican War Congress divided Wilmot Proviso defeated The Mexican Cession The Mexican War The Mexican Cession Fears of new slave states Wilmot Proviso defeated Wilmot Proviso introduced Free Soil Party formed Congress divided

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How did the War with Mexico lead to conflict between the North and the South? The two sections argued about whether slavery would be permitted in the new territory that was gained. Most of the soldiers were Southerners, who resented the North for not fighting alongside them. The South gained thousands of new slaves captured in Mexico. Thousands of Southerners had refused to pay taxes that supported such an evil war.

What would the Wilmot Proviso have done? Made California a slave state Outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico Made Arizona a free state Banned the slave trade in New Mexico

Why did slaveholders oppose the Wilmot Proviso? It declared slavery to be a moral evil. It had been written by abolitionists hoping to embarrass Southerners. It would keep them from taking their slaves into the Mexican Cession. It would have raised taxes on the sales of both cotton and slaves.

What did the Free Soil Party stand for? No slavery in the territories California's admission as a free state Support of the Wilmot Proviso A stronger fugitive slave law

Controversy Over California

Controversy Over California Discovery of gold in 1848 led to rapid population growth in California. In 1850, California requested admission as a free state. This threatened the free state-slave state balance in the Senate. Southerners felt that statehood for California threatened their way of life.

The Compromise of 1850 As he did in 1820 (Missouri Compromise) and in 1833 (Compromise Tariff of 1833), Henry Clay came up with another compromise.

a. California would enter as a free state.

b. A tough, new fugitive slave law was introduced.

The Fugitive Slave Act People accused of being fugitives under this law could be held without an arrest warrant. Instead of a jury trial, a federal commissioner ruled on each case. The commissioner received five dollars for releasing the defendant and ten dollars for turning the defendant over to a slaveholder.

c. The slave trade would be banned in Washington, D.C.

c. No laws restricting slavery in the rest of the Mexican Cession would be introduced.

Use your whole whiteboard to write your answer! Daniel Webster, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, lent his support to Clay’s compromise bill in a very passionate speech. Use your whole whiteboard to write your answer! (see Vocabulary)

Despite the support of Webster and his own best efforts, Clay was unable to get enough support to pass the compromise bill.

Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois came up with a way to win passage for Clay’s bill. He broke up Clay's proposal into five parts and built up a slim majority for each among various congressmen. After several weeks of work, Douglas succeeded in getting each part of Clay’s plan adopted. Once the plan became law, some people celebrated, believing that it had saved the Union. But the compromise would not bring peace.

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Which of the following was not part of the Compromise of 1850? a stronger fugitive slave law California's admission as a free state the freedom for new territories to decide the slavery question for themselves the admission of Arizona as a slave state a ban on the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

How did Daniel Webster help persuade Congress to pass the Compromise of 1850? He called for rejection of the fugitive slave law. He made a passionate speech in favor of the compromise as a way of preserving the Union. He promised Republican support for the admission of Arizona and New Mexico as slave states. He condemned the northern commercial interests that called for the defeat of the bill.

How did Stephen Douglas help persuade Congress to pass the Compromise of 1850? He broke up Clay's proposal into five parts and built a slim majority for each. He proposed the same terms as Clay’s bill in the form of a constitutional amendment. He took the compromise directly to the voters in the 1852 elections. He came up with a new compromise based on the Wilmot Proviso.

Copy these Study Questions on NB-70. How did the War with Mexico and territorial expansion lead to conflict between the North and the South? Why did slaveholders oppose the Wilmot Proviso? What did the Free Soil Party stand for? How did Henry Clay try to settle the California problem? How did Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas help persuade Congress to pass the Compromise of 1850?