Energy Saving Analysis for ASHRAE Standard Bi ng Liu, P.E., C.E.M. LEED AP Senior Research Engineer Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ASHRAE Annual Meeting June 29, 2010 Albuquerque, NM

PNNL’s Energy Modeling Support to 90.1 Progress Indicator Measure progress toward the 30% improvement goal in Standard Update Progress Indicator (PI) and report to ASHRAE 90.1 committee at each quarterly meeting Energy Saving Analyses Support subcommittees’ new proposals Develop the building load profile spreadsheet tools for mechanical subcommittee DOE’s Determination Estimate the energy savings of and as part of DOE’s Quantitative Analysis. 2

90.1 Progress Indicator Structure 3 Develop prototype building modelsApply to climate zones Generate minimally code-compliant models for , , and Develop new construction weighting factors Calculate the national weighted energy use intensity and energy cost index

90.1 Prototype Buildings - Approach Convene the 90.1 Simulation Working Group Representing the 90.1 subcommittees Establish the ground rules for modeling Review the key building modeling inputs and assumptions Review the energy saving analysis results Follow the Rule to determine the prototype buildings Generate the models for the whole building energy Receptacle loads (office equipment, cooking appliance, refrigeration etc) Elevator Exterior lighting, including façade, walk way, entry, and parking lot 4

90.1 Prototype Buildings - Source DOE’s Commercial Reference Building Models formerly DOE’s benchmark buildings Advanced Energy Design Guides PNNL’s new construction drawings database Previous research and studies Experts reviews and inputs from 90.1 SWG and committee members 5

90.1 Prototype Buildings Principal Building Activity Building PrototypeFloor area (ft²) Number of Floors HeatingCooling Primary System Secondary System Office Small office5,5001Heat PumpUnitary DXCAVNo Medium office53,6003Gas furnaceUnitary DX VAV w/ elect. reheat No Large office498,60012Boiler Chiller, cooling tower VAV w/reheatNo Mercantile Standalone retail24,6951Gas furnaceUnitary DXCAVNo Strip mall22,5001Gas furnaceUnitary DXCAVNo Education Primary school74,0001Gas furnaceUnitary DXCAVNo Secondary school210,9002Boiler Air cooled chiller VAV w/reheatCAV Health Care Outpatient health care 40,9503BoilerUnitary DXVAV w/reheatNo Hospital241,4105Boiler Chiller, cooling tower VAV w/reheatCentral CAV Lodging Small hotel/motel43,2004ElectricityDXPTACNo Large hotel122,1326Boiler Air cooled chiller Fan-coil unitsVAV w/reheat Warehouse Non-refrigerated warehouse 49,5001 Gas furnace Unitary DXUnit heaterCAV Food Service Fast food restaurant 2,5001Gas furnaceUnitary DXCAVNo Sit-down restaurant 5,5001Gas furnaceUnitary DXCAVNo Apartment Mid-rise apartment 33,7004GasSplit DXCAVNo High-rise apartment 84,36010BoilerFluid Cooler Water-source heat pump No 6

Small Office Medium Office Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 53, % Large Office Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 498, (plus basement) 1.540% 3 Office Prototypes Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 5, % Non-refrigerated warehouse Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 49, Office area: 12% Storage Area: 0% Overall: 0.71% 1 Warehouse Prototype 7

Stand-alone Retail Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 24, % Strip Mall Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 22, % 2 Mercantile Prototypes 2 Education Prototypes Primary School Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 74,0001NA35% Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 210,9002NA33% Secondary School 8

Outpatient Health Care Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 40,9503NA20% 2 Health Care Prototypes Hospital Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 241,410 5 (plus basement) % 2 Lodging Prototypes Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 43, % Small Hotel Large Hotel Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 122,132 6 (plus basement) Ground & basement floor: 3.8 All other floors: % 9

Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 2, % Quick-Service Restaurant Full-Service Restaurant Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 5, % 2 Food Service Prototypes 2 Apartment Prototypes Mid-rise Apartment Floor area (ft²)Number of FloorsAspect RatioWWR 33, % High-rise Apartment Floor area (ft²) No. of Floors Aspect Ratio WWR 84, % 10

Climate Zones 11

New Construction Weighting Factors Serial NoASHRAE Prototype Total Floor Area (x1000 ft²) Construction Weights 1 Large Office220, % 2 Medium Office400, % 3 Small Office371, % 4 Stand-alone Retail1,009, % 5 Strip Mall375, % 6 Primary School330, % 7 Secondary School685, % 8 Hospital228, % 9 Outpatient Health Care289, % 10 Full-service Restaurant43, % 11 Quick -service Restaurant38, % 12 Large Hotel327, % 13 Small hotel/motel113, % 14 Non-refrigerated warehouse1,105, % 15 High-rise apartment593, % 16 Mid-rise apartment484, % Covered by Prototypes6,616, % 17 No Prototype1,649, % 18 Total8,265, % CBECS Type Total Floor Area (x1000 ft²)Weights 17APubic Assembly414, % 17BFood Sales96, % 17COther769, % 17DPublic Order and Safety121, % 17EReligious Worship184, % 17FService62, % McGraw-Hill New Construction Data by Building Type Download PNNL report on construction weights: cal_reports/PNNL pdf cal_reports/PNNL pdf 12

13 New Construction Weights (cont’d) 12A2B3A3B3C4A4B4C5A5B6A6B78 weights by bldg type Large office Medium office Small office Standalone retail Strip mall retail Primary school Secondary school Hospital Outpatient health care Full-service restaurant Quick-service restaurant Large hotel Small hotel Warehouse High-rise apartment Mid-rise apartment weights by zone

Progress Indicator – Addenda Update = baseline = addenda June 2010 Progress Indicator Total 108 addenda considered 44 addenda to addenda to (through May 2010) 4 addenda pending for approval (BB, BY, CB, CY) 90 addenda in Section 5 through addenda have energy saving impacts 41 addenda captured in PI 12 addenda can’t be captured in PI 14

Progress Indicator Structure refers to refers to refers to Multiple ventilation standards Each set of PI requires 1632 model runs 1632 runs = 16 prototypes x 17 locations x 3 Standards x 2 Ventilation Standards Massive simulation runs Design day to size HVAC equipment Annual run to calculate the energy use Automatic process to generate inputs and extract results from EnergyPlus models PNNL’s simulation framework

June 2010 PI Summary (Same Ventilation Std) 16

June 2010 PI Summary (Same Ventilation Std) 17

Example: Standalone Retail 18

Example: Fast Food Restaurant 19

June 2010 PI Summary (Different Ventilation Std) 20

2010 Progress Indicator Summary 21

Alternative June 2010 PI (exclude receptacle loads in the saving calculations) 22

Summary of June 2010 PI Results 23

This is not the final yet… Apply the remaining BOD-approved addenda to Final PI ( ) S (DX performance) CK (Ventilation reset) and more… Document PNNL’s Energy Saving Analysis for and publish as a technical report Complete all the load profiles for all 16 prototype buildings in 17 locations Support DOE’s Determination analysis 24

Time for Questions… 25 PNNL’s Building Simulation Team Bing Liu, team lead Mike Rosenberg, Dr. Weimin Wang, Brian Thornton Dr. Yulong Xie, Dr. Heejin Cho, Dr. Jian Zhang Yunzhi Huang, Rahul Athalye, Vrushali Mendon With many thanks to 90.1 Simulation Working Group Ron Jarnagin, Drake Erbe, Dick Lord, Susanna Hanson, Merle McBride, John Hogan, and Martha VanGeem