AWMA SE Regional Conference THE PROBLEM WITH FINE PARTICLES- HOW TO ASSESS AND FIX IT! Rod Truce Indigo Technologies

AWMA SE Regional Conference IMPACT OF FINE PARTICLES ON VISIBILITY

AWMA SE Regional Conference TYPICAL MASS AND OPACITY VERSUS PARTICLE SIZE AT ESP OUTLET

AWMA SE Regional Conference IMPACT OF PM2.5 ON VISIBILITY CategoriesPM2.5 (1-hr ave.) (µg/m 3 )Visibility (miles) Acceptable miles and up Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups to 9 miles Unhealthy to 5 miles Very Unhealthy ½ to 2½ miles Hazardous to 1 ¼ mile Very HazardousOver 500¾ mile or less The procedure for making personal observation to estimate the PM2.5 level for local areas without official monitors is: 1.Face away from the sun. 2.Determine the limit of your visible range by looking for targets at known distance (miles). 3. Visible range is that point at which even high contrast objects totally disappear. 3.Use the values above to determine the local PM2.5 level and health category.

AWMA SE Regional Conference IMPACT OF FINE PARTICLES ON HEALTH  Premature death;  Respiratory related hospital admissions and emergency room visits;  Aggravated asthma;  Acute respiratory symptoms, including aggravated coughing and difficult or painful breathing;  Chronic bronchitis;  Decreased lung function that can be experienced as shortness of breath;  Work and school absences;  Greatly reduced visibility.

AWMA SE Regional Conference EPA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Annual Average 15ug/m 3 Daily Average reduced from 65ug/m 3 to 35ug/m 3 EPA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Annual Average 15ug/m 3 Daily Average reduced from 65ug/m 3 to 35ug/m 3  Save lives per year;  Reduce hospital admissions by thousands each year due to reduced heart and lung diseases;  Improved visibility.

AWMA SE Regional Conference IMPACT OF PM2.5 ON HEALTH CategoriesPM2.5 (1-hr ave.) (µg/m 3 )Visibility (miles) Acceptable miles and up Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups to 9 miles Unhealthy to 5 miles Very Unhealthy ½ to 2½ miles Hazardous to 1 ¼ mile Very HazardousOver 500¾ mile or less

AWMA SE Regional Conference LUNG PENETRATION

AWMA SE Regional Conference Major Elements (>0.05% Concentration)

AWMA SE Regional Conference Trace Elements (<0.05% Concentration)

AWMA SE Regional Conference Volatile Elements

AWMA SE Regional Conference Carbon in Ash

AWMA SE Regional Conference DO YOU HAVE A FINE PARTICLE EMISSION PROBLEM?  OPACITY DRIVEN BY PARTICLES < 2.5UM  DO YOU KNOW YOUR OPACITY?  MASS DRIVEN BY PARTICLES > 2.5UM  DO YOU KNOW YOUR MASS EMISSION?

AWMA SE Regional Conference

THE INDIGO FPCSystem (FINE PARTICLE CONTROL SYSTEM) A PROVEN TECHNOLOGY FOR REDUCING VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS

AWMA SE Regional Conference FINE PARTICLES (PM2.5) REMOVED USING INDIGO FPCSystem REMOVAL EFFICIENCY >90% BY NUMBER

AWMA SE Regional Conference How Does The Indigo FPCSystem Work? How Does The Indigo FPCSystem Work?  Treats the dust prior to entering the Electrostatic Precipitator  Uses fluidic (FAP) and electrostatic (BEAP) forces to attach the fine particles to the larger, easily collected particles  The Bi-Polar Charger charges half the dust positively and the other half negatively  Fine negative particles are selectively mixed with the large positive particles and large negative particles with fine positive particles  When a fine particle comes close to an oppositely charged large particle, it is attracted and attaches to the large particle

AWMA SE Regional Conference THE INDIGO FPCSystem

AWMA SE Regional Conference FLUIDIC AGGLOMERATION PROCESS

AWMA SE Regional Conference INDIGO FPCSystem AT PLANT WATSON

AWMA SE Regional Conference ESP FINE PARTICLE COLLECTION EFFICENCY ESP FINE PARTICLE COLLECTION EFFICENCY

AWMA SE Regional Conference Impact of ESP Efficiency on Particle Size

AWMA SE Regional Conference ESP and FF FINE PARTICLE EMISSIONS % OF DUST EMITTED TO THE ATMOSPHERE VRS PARTICLE SIZE

AWMA SE Regional Conference OPACITY FOR TYPICAL MASS VERSUS PARTICLE SIZE AT ESP OUTLET

AWMA SE Regional Conference EMERALD COAL SLIP AT WATSON

AWMA SE Regional Conference MEASUREMENT A PASS B PASS REDUCTION OPACITY% % PARTICULATE Grains/Act. Cubic Ft % Mg/m FLOW Actual Cubic Ft/Min M3/min GAS TEMPERATURE Degrees F Degrees C WATSON ESP OUTLET TESTS EMERALD COAL

AWMA SE Regional Conference OPACITY FOR LOW MASS VERSUS PARTICLE SIZE AT ESP OUTLET

AWMA SE Regional Conference HAMMOND PARTICLE SIZE COMPARISON

AWMA SE Regional Conference HAMMOND STACK TESTS OCTOBER 2004 HAMMOND STACK TESTS OCTOBER 2004 MEASUREMENT UNIT 2 UNIT 3 REDUCTION PARTICULATE Grains/Act. Cubic Ft % Mg/m % FLOW Actual Cubic Ft/Min 540, ,000 GAS TEMPERATURE Degrees F

AWMA SE Regional Conference ESP OUTLET PARTICLE SIZE SPMS AND PCSV DATA

AWMA SE Regional Conference DUST EMISSION VRS PARTICLE SIZE

AWMA SE Regional Conference TARONG HOPPER PARTICLE SIZE

AWMA SE Regional Conference Volatile Elements

AWMA SE Regional Conference TARONG ARSENIC CONCENTRATION IN THE ASH VRS MEDIAN DIAMETER Hopper 1 Hopper 2 Hopper 4 Hopper 6 ESP Pass 1 WITHFPCSystem 2.98 mg/kg (55um) 7.94 mg/kg (12um) 20.3 mg/kg (4.8um) 24.7 mg/kg (2.0um) ESP Pass 2 WITHOUT FPCSystem 1.7 mg/kg (70um) 2.78 mg/kg (15um) 14.1 mg/kg (6.0um) 20.2 mg/kg (3.5um) Pass 1 Increase WITH FPCSystem 75% As (-21%) 186% As (-20%) 44% As (-20%) 22% As (-43%)

AWMA SE Regional Conference Carbon in Ash

AWMA SE Regional Conference EFFECT OF UNBURNT CARBON AT PLANT WATSON Front Hopper Middle Hopper Rear Hopper A Side Hoppers NO Indigo FPCSystem 8.7%9.7%14.3% B Side Hoppers WITH Indigo FPCSystem 7.0%13.6%23.0%

AWMA SE Regional Conference Volatile Elements

AWMA SE Regional Conference MERCURY REMOVAL RESULTS AT PLANT WATSON Mercury Measured in Collection Trap ug/m3 Mercury Measured in Filter and Collector ug/m3 Mercury in Filter ug/m3 \Mercury in Filter with 54% Loss ug/m3 Total Mercury with 54% Loss ug/m3 RemovalEfficiency% A Side Air-heater Outlet A Side ESP Outlet B Side Air-heater Outlet B Side ESP Outlet B Side Air-heater Outlet B Side Agglomerator Outlet

AWMA SE Regional Conference RECENT TEST RESULTS AT PLANT WATSON Mercury Measured ug/m3 Removal Efficiency % A Side Air-heater Outlet A Side ESP Outlet 2.1 B Side Air-heater Outlet B Side ESP Outlet 1.3

AWMA SE Regional Conference IS THE INDIGO FPCSystem (FINE PARTICLE CONTROL SYSTEM) THE SOLUTION TO YOUR FINE PARTICLE PROBLEM?

AWMA SE Regional Conference

CONCLUSION THE Indigo FPCSystem PROVIDES  REDUCED PM2.5 EMISSIONS  REDUCED HEAVY METAL EMISSIONS  INCREASED ADSORBSION AND COLLECTION OF MERCURY BY THE SORBENTS, SUCH AS SOOT, FORMED IN THE COMBUSTION PROCESS  LOW COST TECHNOLOGY THAT PROVIDES MEANS FOR COMPLING WITH CURRENT AND FUTURE PM2.5 AND HAZADOUS AIR TOXIN EMISSION REQUIREMENTS