Infrastructure and components

Cable The cable and components used in structured cabling systems is defined in the standards –EIA/TIA 568 x There are a number of different levels of cables and components known as Catagories –ISO There are a number of different levels of cables and components known as Classes

Categories Specified in TIA/EIA 568 X (i.e. In various 568 standards) Cat 1:Previously used for POTS telephone communications, ISDN and doorbell wiring. Cat 2: Previously was frequently used on 4 Mbit/s token ring networks. Cat 3: used for data networks using frequencies up to 16 MHz. Historically popular for 10 Mbit/s Ethernet networks. Cat 4: Provided performance of up to 20 MHz, and was frequently used on 16 Mbit/s token ring networks. Cat 5: Provided performance of up to 100 MHz, and was frequently used on 100 Mbit/s Ethernet networks. May be unsuitable for 1000BASE-T gigabit ethernet. Cat 5e: Provides performance of up to 100 MHz, and is frequently used for both 100 Mbit/s and Gigabit Ethernet networks. Cat 6: Provides performance of up to 250 MHz, more than double category 5 and 5e. Cat 6a: Provides performance of up to 500 MHz, double that of category 6. Suitable for 10GBase-T.

Categories Cat 1: Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA. Cat 2: Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA. Cat 3: Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B. Cat 4: Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA. Cat 5: Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA. Cat 5e: Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B. Cat 6: Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B. Cat 6a: Currently defined in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-10.

Category & data networks history CAT3 –10Mbit/s networks CAT4 –Developed for increased bit rates but was superseded by CAT5 CAT5 –100MHz bandwidth easily carried 100Mbits/s CAT5e –Was developed because a badly installed CAT5 system could not carry Gigabit Ethernet CAT6 –Easily carries Gigabit ethernet, future proofs network CAT6a –Designed to carry 10 Gigabit Ethernet

Classes Specified in ISO –Class A: up to 100 kHz (category 1) –Class B: up to 1 MHz (category 2) –Class C: up to 16 MHz (category 3) –Class D: up to 100 MHz (category 5e) –Class E: up to 250 MHz (category 6) –Class F: up to 600 MHz (category 7)

Twisted pair Two conductors are wound together to cancel out EMI –From external sources (entering cable) –From crosstalk (leaving cable) The two wires typically carry equal and opposite signals (differential mode) Noise on the pairs is mostly cancelled out –Each wire have similar amounts of EMI –EMI is 180 degrees out of phase with each other Usually each pair has a different twist ratio

Primary Colours –White –Red –Black –Yellow –Violet Secondary Colours –Blue –Orange –Green –Brown –Slate (grey) 25 pair cable

Telecommunications outlet Also known as a TO Standard specifies RJ45 connector Must be wired T568A or T568B

IDC Insulation displacement connector Connector that pierces the insulation on a wire to make the connection Removes the need to strip the wire before connecting Must be wired T568A or T568B Cold Welds materials together ???? Comparing an IDC connection (LH) with a crimped connection (RH)

Telecommunications outlet 2 At least one should be –4 Pair 100 OHM UTP The other can be: –4 Pair 100 OHM UTP OR –2 Pair 150 OHM STP OR –2 Strand, 62.5/125 multimode optical fibre

T568A and T568B pinouts T568AT568B V V V V V V V V

TIA-568-A and TIA-568-B are referring to the ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-A and ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-B wiring standards T568A is a jack wiring pattern, one of the two in the standards; the other is T568B T568A –Used in America T568B –Used in Europe To clear any confusion

Cable types The standard recognises the following cable types –4-pair 100 Ω unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or screened twisted-pair (F/UTP) –4-pair 100 Ω fully shielded twisted-pair (S/FTP) (ISO/IEC 11801:2002 only) –2-fiber (duplex) 62.5/125µm or 50/125µm 62.5/125µm USA standards 50/125µm & 62.5/125µm European standards Duplex SC connectors –Multi-unit cables are allowed, Must satisfy the hybrid/bundled cable requirements of TIA/EIA-568-B.2, ISO/IEC 11801:2002 Under carpet cabling is no longer recognized by that standard ISO/IEC 11801:2002

Work area Work area equipment and cables covered by 568-B.1 and 11801:2002 Work area cables to be a maximum of 3m Exception to the 3m length discussed later 2 telecommunications outlets per work area minimum Patch leads are the same Category as the cabling

Work area II 1 st outlet –Must be a 4 pair twisted pair cable Shielded Unshielded –Category 6 is recommended 2 nd outlet can be either –A 4 pair twisted pair cable Shielded Unshielded –A pair of multimode optical fibres

A.Customer Premises Equipment B.Equipment Cord C.Patchcords/cross-connect jumpers, including equipment cables/cords, should not exceed 5m (16 ft.). Note: ISO/IEC 11801:2002 specifies a max. patchcord/ cross-connect length of 5m (16.4 ft.), which does not include equipment cables/cords. D.Horizontal cable 90m (295 ft.) max. total E.Transition point of consolidation point(optional) F.Telecommunications outlet/connector (TO) G.Work Area (WA) Equipment cord

Other Rules Bridged taps and splices are not allowed –Fiber splices are allowed for fiber optic cables Application specific components shall not be installed as part of the horizontal cabling –eg. splitters, baluns Cabling shall be configured in a star topology

Patch leads and equipment cords Maximum combined length of 10m –Parts b,c & g Maximum copper link length 100m –90m + cords (10m)