Opener – Sept. 10 What does it mean to reform?

School Reforms Work with your small group members to come up with 10 reforms that you would like to see here at school. You will be sharing, so make sure they are appropriate!

 Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic  The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church  People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

 In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions  The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

 100 Years War and Black Death  Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church  The Corruption within the Catholic Church  Example: Did not accept usury (loans with interest) but accepted indulgences and government funds

Social Causes Renaissance created values of humanism and secularism = people questioning the Christian Church The Printing Press = much easier for ideas critical of the Church to spread and be read.

Political Causes Powerful monarchs (Kings/Queens) challenged the Christian Church for power in Europe. Leaders throughout Europe thought of the Pope as a foreign ruler of their people.

Economic Causes European monarchs jealous of the Church’s wealth People hated paying taxes to the Church

Religious Causes Some Church leaders were becoming too secular and corrupt. Church selling indulgences and other practices

 Martin Luther  John Calvin  Henry VIII

 Lived from in Germany  Father encouraged him to study law  A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

 He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven  He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort  In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

“The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

Johann Tetzel was a Friar near Luther who was collecting money from Church goers by selling indulgences. Indulgences: Tetzel was telling people that if they bought enough they could get into heaven. A total scam! However, the Church was really selling these in order to make money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica Luther responded to this by…

 A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)  He criticized:  The Power of the Pope  The Extreme Wealth of the Church  Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

 Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs  Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany  Gained support from people and criticism from Church

The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

Salvation by faith alone Bible is the ultimate authority All humans are equal before God

For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour the said Martin Luther. On the contrary, we want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic, as he deserves, to be brought personally before us, or to be securely guarded until those who have captured him inform us, where upon we will order the appropriate manner of proceeding against the said Luther. Those who will help in his capture will be rewarded generously for their good work.

 The Diet of Worms  1520 Pope Leo X orders Luther to give up his beliefs  Luther burned the order and was excommunicated  Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

 He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” -Luther

 Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas  Lutheranism was formed  Supported by some German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms  The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

 Anti-Catholic  Influenced by Martin Luther  Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”  Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

 Calvin believed in:  Salvation through Predestination  At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell  Those who Went to heaven Were the elect

 Foreknowledge  God knows everything that will happen in your life  Purified approach to life:  No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

 Hard Work/Good Deeds:  Although you were predestined to go to Heaven, if you were a part of the elect you were naturally a better person  Therefore, if you were part of the elect you lived a hardworking and trustworthy life and did good deeds.

 Started in Switzerland – Calvinists  England = Puritans (Sepratists)  Scotland = Presbyterians  Holland = Dutch Reform  France = Huguenots  Germany = Reform Church

Puritan Hugeunots Presbyterian

Opener Why were Martin Luther’s ideas able to spread so quickly throughout Germany?

England =-fadCAHjN-s =-fadCAHjN-s

Henry VIII-English Reformation Wife-Catherine of Aragon-Has Daughter Mary-Henry wanted a son Wife-Catherine of Aragon-Has Daughter Mary-Henry wanted a son Asked Pope to annul his marriage (divorce was not allowed) Asked Pope to annul his marriage (divorce was not allowed) Pope refused- Henry asked Parliament (English Congress) to end Pope’s (Catholic Church’s) power in England Pope refused- Henry asked Parliament (English Congress) to end Pope’s (Catholic Church’s) power in England Act of Supremacy-Henry VIII- Head of England’s Church- Anglican Church Act of Supremacy-Henry VIII- Head of England’s Church- Anglican Church

Henry VIII He was big and handsome and wore fine clothes He was big and handsome and wore fine clothes He loved games, horse-riding and hunting He loved games, horse-riding and hunting He spoke four languages, wrote poetry and played music He spoke four languages, wrote poetry and played music

But most important to him… He wanted to be a strong king, with a firm hold on the throne He wanted to be a strong king, with a firm hold on the throne He most wanted a son to succeed him He most wanted a son to succeed him

Catherine of Aragon Married 1509 Married 1509 She was daughter to the king of Spain She was daughter to the king of Spain She had a daughter, Mary, but no sons She had a daughter, Mary, but no sons She was too old for more children She was too old for more children In 1533, Henry divorced her In 1533, Henry divorced her

Anne Boleyn Married 1533 Married 1533 She was young, pretty and witty She was young, pretty and witty She had one daughter, Elizabeth She had one daughter, Elizabeth She was beheaded for being unfaithful in 1536 She was beheaded for being unfaithful in 1536

Jane Seymour Married 1536 (11 days after execution of Anne) Married 1536 (11 days after execution of Anne) She had a son, Edward She had a son, Edward Died soon after (1537) Died soon after (1537) Henry probably loved her best of all his wives Henry probably loved her best of all his wives

Anne of Cleves Married 1540 Married 1540 The marriage made a link between England and Germany The marriage made a link between England and Germany Henry thought she was ugly Henry thought she was ugly Divorced 1540 – the same year! Divorced 1540 – the same year!

Catherine Howard Married 1540 Married 1540 She was 20, Henry was 49 She was 20, Henry was 49 She was unfaithful She was unfaithful Executed in 1542 Executed in 1542

Catherine Parr Married 1543 Married 1543 She liked family life and looked after Henry’s children She liked family life and looked after Henry’s children She outlived Henry She outlived Henry

English Monarchy After Henry VIII’s death 1547 After Henry VIII’s death 1547 Edward VI-Jane Seymour’s son Died after 6 years Edward VI-Jane Seymour’s son Died after 6 years Mary- Daughter of Catherine of Aragon- Returned England to Catholic “Bloody Mary” Mary- Daughter of Catherine of Aragon- Returned England to Catholic “Bloody Mary” Elizabeth- Daughter of Anne Boleyn-Returned to Protestant-Ruled from The “Virgin Queen”- Virginia named for her. Elizabeth- Daughter of Anne Boleyn-Returned to Protestant-Ruled from The “Virgin Queen”- Virginia named for her.

Queen Elizabeth’s Reign Rule: Rule: She brought back Protestantism, but was very tolerant of Catholics She brought back Protestantism, but was very tolerant of Catholics Attempted to spread the empire through colonization, however stopped after the Roanoke disaster Attempted to spread the empire through colonization, however stopped after the Roanoke disaster Perhaps her greatest victory was the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 Perhaps her greatest victory was the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588

The Tudors: HISTERIA!!! HRwADE&context=C3d37d39ADOEgsToPD skJgpN0xOlUdocWvV9h_qEAE HRwADE&context=C3d37d39ADOEgsToPD skJgpN0xOlUdocWvV9h_qEAE HRwADE&context=C3d37d39ADOEgsToPD skJgpN0xOlUdocWvV9h_qEAE HRwADE&context=C3d37d39ADOEgsToPD skJgpN0xOlUdocWvV9h_qEAE

Other Reformers Anabaptists- “Baptize Again”-separation of Church- & State-later become Mennonites & Amish- influenced the Quakers and Baptists Anabaptists- “Baptize Again”-separation of Church- & State-later become Mennonites & Amish- influenced the Quakers and Baptists Catholic Reformation- Ignatius-founded the Jesuits-Build schools, convert non- Catholics, stop Protestant religions Catholic Reformation- Ignatius-founded the Jesuits-Build schools, convert non- Catholics, stop Protestant religions

Council of Trent Church’s interpretation of Bible was final Church’s interpretation of Bible was final Christians needed faith AND good works for salvation Christians needed faith AND good works for salvation Bible and the Church were both needed for guiding Christian life Bible and the Church were both needed for guiding Christian life Indulgences were valid expressions of faith Indulgences were valid expressions of faith