 Lived from in Germany  Father encouraged him to study law  A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

 He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven  He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort  In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

“The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic The *REFORM*ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church ( ) People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church Luther troubled by the sale of indulgences - religious and devotional objects that the Catholic Church sold for money that allowed people to atone for there sins w.youtube. com/watch ?v=qTGJM nTWrrw

100 Years War and Black Death Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church The Corruption within the Catholic Church

Invention of movable type was invented in 1450 by Johann Gutenberg Manufacture of paper becomes easier and cheaper Helped spread ideas before Catholics could squash them Intensified intellectual criticism of the Church Protestant ideals appealed to the urban and the literate Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs

Better educated, urban populace was more critical of the Church than rural peasantry Renaissance monarchs were growing impatient with the power of the Church Society was more humanistic and secular Growing individualism Dutch Christian humanist Erasmus inadvertently undermines the Church from within --In Praise of Folly (1510)

 A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)  He criticized:  The Power of the Pope  The Extreme Wealth of the Church  Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation) OWfTjkJc48

Luther posts his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517 Pope pays little attention to the Luther at first Luther attacks the Pope then gets excommunicated Summoned to a meeting in the city of Worms Holy Roman Emperor ordered him to give up his reform Refused and was named an outlawed Luther goes into hiding in outube.com/ watch?v=dS OnLt3YVl0

In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

 Martin Luther  John Calvin  Henry VIII

The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles. Martin Luther translated the Latin Bible into German Bible !

 Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas  Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms  The reformers came to be known as *PROTEST*ants - Protestants  Protestantism - the faith, practice, and church order of the Protestant churches

 John Calvin – French Born priest and lawyer who started the Calvinist Church  Agreed with Martin Luther – rejected Catholic Church rituals  Ideas of his own: 1. Predestination 2. World divided between Saints and Sinners  Started Church in Geneva, Switzerland – Calvinists  Set up a Theocracy – government lead by church leaders (3:33)

 Calvinist – stressed hard work, discipline, thrift, honesty, and morality  Punished for dancing, fighting, swearing, or laughing in church  Calvinism spread all over Europe  England = Puritans  Scotland = Presbyterians  Holland = Dutch Reform  France = Huguenots  Germany = Reform Church

Puritan Baptist Presbyterian

England – Henry the VIII – The Tudors  Broke ties with Catholic Church because the Pope wouldn’t grant him a divorce  He need to remarry to make a male heir to his throne  The six wives of Henry VIII -- Catherine of Aragon (daughter- Mary) -- Anne Boleyn (daughter – Elizabeth) -- Jane Seymour (son Edward IV)

Henry Creates Protestant Church of England  Henry creates the Church of England and establishes his own supremacy over it  A “political reformation” only at first  Started the English reformation henry-viii

England – Queen Elizabeth I  The brief reign of Edward VI  The rule of “Bloody” Mary- Catholic Queen  Return of the “Puritans”  Queen Elizabeth – Protestant Queen  The attack of the Spanish Armada in 1588  Win for Protestant England -- “The Protestant Wind” /videos/elizabeth-i-english-reformation #catherine-parr (command wind)

  Reformation shaped the form and rapidity of the Catholic response  Council of Trent ( ) – Counter reformation by the Catholic Church due to the Protestant reformation, the council issued condemnations of what it defined to be heresies committed by Protestants and key statements and clarifications of the Church's doctrine and teachings were made.  The Inquisition –a church tribunal established by Pope Gregory IX for the suppression of heresy, notorious for the use of torture.  In 1542 the papal Inquisition was re-established to combat Protestantism, eventually becoming an organ of papal government.  Religious warfare and a new Bible The Counter-Reformation: The Catholic Response (inquisitions)

Results of the Reformation  Germany was politically weakened and fragmented  Christian Church was splintered in the West  100 Years of Religious Warfare  Right of Rebellion introduced by both Jesuits and Calvinists  Pope’s power increased  Furthered societal individualism and secularism  Growing doubt and religious skepticism

Results of Reformation  Political stability valued over religious truth  Calvinism boosted the commercial revolution  Witch craze swept Europe in the 1600’s --Between , 3000 people in Germany, 9000 people in Switzerland and 1000 people in England were executed as witches  Possible reasons for this witchcraft craze