The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of North America Chapter 2

Protestant Reformation of the 16 th Century Religious reform movement/ division Religious reform movement/ division Split from Catholic church Split from Catholic church A. corruption of popes A. corruption of popes B. selling of indulgences B. selling of indulgences 1. money and greed 1. money and greed 2. purgatory 2. purgatory Catholic slogan Catholic slogan Pope Julius II was known as the “warrior pope” Pope Julius II was known as the “warrior pope”

The current Pope is Benedict XVI, who was elected at the age of 78 in April 2005 The current Pope is Benedict XVI, who was elected at the age of 78 in April 2005

Martin Luther & Protestant Reformation Luther furious Luther furious Catholic belief vs. Luther’s belief Catholic belief vs. Luther’s belief Luther’s “95 Theses” Luther’s “95 Theses” - salvation comes through faith alone - salvation comes through faith alone - message started a revolution - message started a revolution

Martin Luther

John Calvin Belief in “predestination” (1536)

Protestant Reformation (continue) France, Netherlands, England all experienced powerful Protestant movements France, Netherlands, England all experienced powerful Protestant movements – challenged Spanish Power – challenged Spanish Power

“The sun shines for me as for the others” – King Frances I

New France French colonization in N. A. French colonization in N. A. - Samuel de Champlain - Samuel de Champlain - founded Quebec (1608) - founded Quebec (1608) - Montreal (largest city by 1700) - Montreal (largest city by 1700)

England’s Interest in America John Cabot’s voyage of 1497 John Cabot’s voyage of gave England claims in North America - gave England claims in North America Queen Elizabeth I ( ) Queen Elizabeth I ( ) - defined protestant reformation in England - defined protestant reformation in England - interest in exploration - interest in exploration

Sir Francis Drake The Queen rewarded him with knighthood in 1580 for his journeys

Sir Walter Raleigh responsible for establishing the first English colony in the New World, Roanoke Island Why would England have an interest in permanent colonization in North America? Why would England have an interest in permanent colonization in North America?

Sir Walter Raleigh English attempt at Roanoke (1585) English attempt at Roanoke (1585) 2 nd attempt ( ) 2 nd attempt ( ) - women - women - interrupted by Spanish Armada (1588) - interrupted by Spanish Armada (1588) - war crippled Spain - war crippled Spain - Return to Roanoke (1590) - Return to Roanoke (1590) - Published accounts of colonization appear by Published accounts of colonization appear by 1600

Roanoke Colony,

1 st Successful English Colony King James I (1606) King James I (1606) - authorized Virginia Company to colonize N. A - authorized Virginia Company to colonize N. A - 3 ships land / called place Jamestown (1607) - 3 ships land / called place Jamestown (1607)  Purpose of journey?  Success turns into disaster / famine / disease/ Indians (deathtrap) A. only 38 of 104 survive 1 st yr A. only 38 of 104 survive 1 st yr B. starvation leads to cannibalism (1610) B. starvation leads to cannibalism (1610) C. John Smith, Pocahontas & John Rolfe C. John Smith, Pocahontas & John Rolfe - Rolfe’s Tobacco (1613) - Rolfe’s Tobacco (1613)

Virginia Company Charter, 1606

Powhatan & John Smith Some doubt I have of your coming that makes me not so kindly seek to relieve you…for many do inform me that your coming is not for trade but to invade my people and possess my country Some doubt I have of your coming that makes me not so kindly seek to relieve you…for many do inform me that your coming is not for trade but to invade my people and possess my country

Jamestown Survives Renewal of Indian wars (1622) Renewal of Indian wars (1622) - only 1200 alive of 6,000 since only 1200 alive of 6,000 since 1607  population growth continued (new settlers) by by births outnumbered deaths (1680) - births outnumbered deaths (1680) By 1700, England gets 230k Ibs for Tobacco By 1700, England gets 230k Ibs for Tobacco

Journey to Plymouth Pilgrims (separatists) sail to America Pilgrims (separatists) sail to America A. Mayflower blown off course (1620) A. Mayflower blown off course (1620) B. 100 land at Plymouth/ Mayflower Compact B. 100 land at Plymouth/ Mayflower Compact C. Squanto (Patuxet Indian) C. Squanto (Patuxet Indian) D. Indian assistance / thanksgiving (1621) D. Indian assistance / thanksgiving (1621)

Conclusion France, Netherlands, England all founded colonies in North American and Caribbean in 1600s France, Netherlands, England all founded colonies in North American and Caribbean in 1600s New France: missionaries and traders, cooperation with Indians New France: missionaries and traders, cooperation with Indians New England: desired land – establishment of colonies New England: desired land – establishment of colonies

Dates of new Colonies Virginia (1607) Virginia (1607) Massachusetts (1620) Massachusetts (1620) New York (1626) New York (1626) Maryland (1633) Maryland (1633) Rhode Island (1636) Rhode Island (1636) Connecticut (1636) Connecticut (1636)

13 colonies continue Delaware (1638) Delaware (1638) New Hampshire (1638) New Hampshire (1638) North Carolina (1653) North Carolina (1653) South Carolina (1663) South Carolina (1663) New Jersey (1664) New Jersey (1664) Pennsylvania (1682) Pennsylvania (1682) Georgia (1732)- last colony Georgia (1732)- last colony