Pronunciation and Spelling

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Presentation transcript:

Pronunciation and Spelling Spellings One Many Sounds One 1  2  Many 3  4 ?

Different Ways to Spell /i/ (# 2 above) Did he believe that Caesar could see the people seize the seas? The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.

Different Ways to Pronounce ‘a’ (# 3 above) My father wanted many a village dame badly. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.

More Pronunciation and Spelling Quirks 1 Two letters representing one sound shoot character Thomas physics either deal rough nation coat glacial theater plain Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.

More Pronunciation and Spelling Quirks 2 Silent letters mnemonic autumn resign ghost pterodactyl write hole corps psychology sword debt gnaw bough lamb island knot Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 193.

More Pronunciation and Spelling Quirks 3 Missing sounds cute (vs. coot) futile (vs. rule) utility (vs. Uzbekistan) one (like won) Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 193.

Phonetic Alphabet for English See Table 4.1 on p. 193. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 193.

Mandarin Consonants See handout.

Mandarin Consonants 葉蜚聲，徐通?。語言學綱要。台北：書林出版有限公司，1993，第 74 頁。

Basic Mandarin Vowels See handout.

National Phonetic Symbols Initials 1 Pinyin NPS IPA b ㄅ p d ㄉ t g ㄍ k p ㄆ ph t ㄊ th k ㄎ kh m ㄇ m n ㄋ n h ㄏ h f ㄈ f l ㄌ l

National Phonetic Symbols Initials 2 Pinyin NPS IPA j ㄐ t zh ㄓ t z ㄗ ts q ㄑ th ch ㄔ th c ㄘ tsh x ㄒ  sh ㄕ  s ㄙ s r ㄖ 

National Phonetic Symbols Finals 1 Pinyin NPS IPA i ai ㄞ aj an ㄢ an a ㄚ a ei ㄟ ej en ㄣ n n o ㄛ w ao ㄠ aw au ang ㄤ a  e ㄜ   ou ㄡ ow ou eng ㄥ   e ㄝ 

National Phonetic Symbols Finals 2 Pinyin NPS IPA er ㄦ ? i ㄧ i u ㄨ u ü ㄩ y

Phonetic Systems in Taiwan  Traditional (Wade-Giles) Guoyu Luomazi (國語羅馬字) National Phonetic Symbols (注音符號)  Hanyu pinyin (漢語拼音) New NPS (Romanized 注音符號)  Tongyong pinyin (通用拼音)

The Vocal Tract See Figure 4.1 on p. 196. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 196.

Place of Articulation Bilabial Labiodental Interdental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 195-197.

Manner of Articulation Voiced / Voiceless Aspirated / Unaspirated Nasal / Oral Stops / Fricatives / Affricates Liquids Glides Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 197-204.

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 7) 1 a. bath [  ] bathe [  ] b. reduce [ s ] reduction [ k ] c. cool [ u ] cold [ o ]

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 7) 2 d. wife [ f ] wives [ v ] e. cats [ s ] dogs [ z ] f. impolite [ m ] indecent [ n ]

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 9) a. consonant, oral, stop, [voiced / voiceless pairs] b. vowel, back, rounded, non-low c. vowel, front, unrounded d. consonant, oral, voiceless, obstruent e. consonant, voiced f. consonant, coronal

Chapter on Phonetics In-Class Exercise (Ex 10) 1 a. Noam Chomsky is a linguist who teaches at MIT. b. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. c. All spoken languages use sounds produced by the upper respiratory system.

Chapter on Phonetics In-Class Exercise (Ex 10) 2 d. In one dialect of English cot the noun and caught the verb are pronounced the same. e. Some people think phonetics is very interesting. f. Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams are the authors of this book.

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 11) Column A Column B a. front back (rounded) [AB all high] b. voiceless voiced [AB pairs same PoA] c. labial NOT labials: OTHER d. high NOT high (mid or low) continuants noncontinuants (fricatives) (affricates ) f. NOT back back

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 12) 1 a. [ h ] [  ] yes voiceless b. [ r ] [ w ] yes voiced c. [ m ] [  ] yes nasal d. [  ] [ v ] yes voiced e. [ r ] [ t ] no? [oral]

Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 12) 2 f. [ f ] [ ʃ ] yes voiceless g. [ k ] [  ] yes voiceless h. [ s ] [ g ] no? [oral] i. [ j ] [ w ] yes glide j. [ j ] [ ʤ ] no? [oral]