OCR Cambridge Technical in Science Level 2

UNIT 10: CHEMISTRY OF PRODUCTION

Chemistry of production It is one of the country’s largest and safest manufacturing industries. The UK chemical industry has a turnover of over £57 billion a year and employs nearly 200,000 people.

Why are chemicals so important? Everything you use is made from chemicals. The manufacture and production of these chemicals is essential in everyday life.

Important chemical processes Haber Process = Ammonia eg fertilisers, cleaning products

Important chemical processes Contact Process = Sulfuric acid eg dyes and pigments, pharmaceuticals, antifreeze

Important chemical processes Electrolysis of brine = Chlorine and hydrogen eg disinfecting drinking water, textiles, paper products

Important chemical processes Fermentation = Ethanol eg perfumes

Chemical processes A Chemical process is a method of changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds. Preparation of feedstock Synthesis Separation of products Monitoring the purity of product Handling of by-products and waste All Chemicals are produced using the same steps/processes.

Reactions Chemical reactions happen all the time and they are affected by a number of factors. Rates of reaction Surface area The recycling and production of polymers uses a variety of sizes of surface area when producing new products. Catalysts The production of sulfuric acid in the contact process uses a catalyst. Concentration Temperature The production of ammonia in the Haber process requires a specific temperature and pressure to ensure the highest yield is produced.

Conditions All reactions need specific conditions in order for them to produce a high yield. A high yield will result in more money for a company and also more chemicals for further production. The Contact process is used to produce Sulfuric acid.

What are the dangers of chemicals? Chemicals can be very dangerous if they are not handled correctly. This can lead to: fires explosions leakages Release of toxic or hazardous materials that can cause illness, injury, disability or death. Universal hazard symbols are used to identify the dangers of chemicals in the laboratory or in transit.

Pollution Air pollution: chlorine gas from electrolysis Waste chemicals: such as hyrdogen sulfide and hydrogen chloride Spillages: toxic or radioactive substances Being green Chemicals are useful, but also very polluting and dangerous. How can we protect our environment?

What will you learn? About a variety of chemical processes. Why and where chemical plants are located. How waste treatment methods can be used to minimise the environmental impact of a chemical process. The factors that govern the rate and yield of a chemical process. How the chemical industry maintains a good safety record in the manufacture and transport of chemicals.

Thank you for using this OCR resource Other OCR resources are available at OCR Resources: the small print OCR’s resources are provided to support the teaching of OCR specifications, but in no way constitute an endorsed teaching method that is required by the Board, and the decision to use them lies with the individual teacher. Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the content, OCR cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions within these resources. © OCR This resource may be freely copied and distributed, as long as the OCR logo and this message remain intact and OCR is acknowledged as the originator of this work. OCR acknowledges the use of the following content: Slide 4 Scientist: Style_photography.de/Shutterstock.com Slide 5 Man with capsule: Jane0606/Shutterstock.com Slide 6 Cleaning products: Maxx_Studio/Shutterstock.com Slides 7 and 12 Antifreeze: nikkytok/Shutterstock.com, medicines: Olga Mitsova/Shutterstock.com Slide 8 Bottle: VictoriaKh/Shutterstock.com, paper: Lipskiy/Shutterstock.com Slide 9 Perfume: Digital genetics/Shutterstock.com Slide 13 Spillage Zelfit/Shutterstock.com, Man in gas mask: Anatolym/Shutterstock.com Slide 14 Man hugging Earth: Amasterphotographer/Shutterstock.com Slide 15 Scientist: Anatolym/Shutterstock.com To give us feedback on, or ideas about the OCR resources you have used,