Chapter 15 – Changes in Matter Section 15-1 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, & GASES

States of Matter Different forms of matter: Solids Liquids Gases PARTICLES ARE ALWAYS IN MOTION

States of Matter State depends on 2 things: Particle (atoms/molecules) arrangement repeating pattern, in contact, or random Particle motion vibrating, sliding freely, or spread apart in all directions

Solid Matter Definite volume, definite shape Particles packed together tightly Particles in a fixed position, but vibrating Examples: wood, glass, salt, plastic Vibrate in place

Types of Solid Matter Crystalline Solid – regular, repeating pattern Examples - salt, sugar, sand, snow Melts at distinct, characteristic melting point SALT SNOW

Types of Solid Matter Amorphous Solid – NOT arranged in a pattern Examples – plastics, rubber, glass NO distinct melting point (melts over a range), becomes “softer” as it is heated CANDLE GLASS

Liquid Matter Sliding, in contact Definite volume, NO definite shape Particles can move from place to place (slide) Particles attracted to each other, but easily separate Take the shape of the container its put in Examples: milk, oil, water Sliding, in contact

Liquid Matter Viscosity – resistance of a liquid to flow Fluid – a substance that flows HIGH VISCOSITY – flow slow (syrup, honey) LOW VISCOSITY – flow quickly (water, alcohol) LOW HIGH Viscosity Viscosity Note: Earth Science – lava flows can be runny or thick (viscosity)

Gas Matter Move freely Examples: NO definite volume, NO definite shape Particles push outward on container, flying at high speeds Spread to fill container Particles can travel anywhere, until they hit a solid surface Examples: air (breathing in & out), oxygen, water vapor, perfume odor Move freely

Summary SHAPE VOLUME

Matter matters because it is (almost) everything. The End! Matter matters because it is (almost) everything.