Underwater Technology By; Corinne Bergano

Introduction Underwater Technology has many different areas and has had many advancements throughout the years. Such as transportation underwater, this has been and is becoming bigger as we move through the years. This meaning submarines, which has been a crucial part in wars and are now becoming tourist attractions.

Submarines A submarine is a watercraft that can operate underwater at pressures past the range of regular human survivability. Submarines were first commonly used in World War 1 and are now used by all major navies today, especially the American, Russian and British navies. Civilian submarines and submersibles are used for marine and freshwater science and for work at depths too great for human divers.

Pros Easy to move underwater without being detected. Fast moving vessels. Research into areas that a human couldn’t possibly go to for an elongated amount of time. (Titanic) Help Scientists with their research on animals or wildlife deep in the ocean. Used as protection in the Wars.

Cons People didn’t like when the vessels carried bomb weapons to destroy the other countries during battle. Lets out some toxic fumes into the water because it has to use the propellers and in order for them to work they need gasoline. Some people don’t think that it is safe to be on.

History of Submarines The first submersible (little submarine) was built in 1620 by Cornelius Jacobszoon Drebbel, a Dutchman. It was propelled by means of oars. The invention of the submarine was a matter of some controversy; some claim that it was “merely a bell towed by a boat”. Later two improved types were tested in the Thames between 1620 and 1624.

During The Wars The first military submarine was Turtle (1775), a hand- powered egg-shaped device designed by the American David Bushnell, to fit only a single man. It was the first verified submarine capable of independent underwater operation and movement, and the first to use screws to get energy. During the American Revolutionary War, Turtle tried but failed to sink a British warship, HMS eagle in New York harbor on September 7, 1776

In 1800, France built a human-powered submarine designed by Robert Fulton, the Nautilus. The French eventually gave up with the experiment in 1804, as did the British when they later considered Fulton's submarine design. During the War of 1812, in 1814, Silas Halsey lost his life while using a submarine in an unsuccessful attack on a British warship stationed in New London harbor.

USS Triton a nuclear-powered radar picket submarine, was the first vessel to complete a submerged circumnavigation of the Earth which was accomplished during its voyage in early 1960.

Submarine Technology All surface ships, as well as surfaced submarines, are in a positively buoyant condition, weighing less than the volume of water they displace. To submerge a submarine, a ship must gain negative buoyancy, either increasing its own weight or decreasing displacement of the water. To control their weight, submarines are equipped with ballast tanks, which can be filled with either outside water or pressurized air.

People must stand outside the submarine to make sure that each side is going down at the same time because if it doesn’t then you will have an uneven amount of weight distribution and this could affect the submarine to submerge properly

When a submarine is surfacing, with propelling the boat upwards surfacing is very quick, so the sub could partially jump out of the water, but it inflicts serious damage on some submarine systems, primarily pipes.

GPS and Navigation System Modern submarines use an inertial guidance system for navigation while submerged, but drift error is common over a long period of time. To counter this, the Global Positioning System will occasionally be used to obtain an accurate position. The periscope - a retractable tube with prisms allowing a view to the surface - is only used occasionally in modern submarines, since the range of visibility is short.

Technology for Submarines in the Future New technology is coming out all the time for submarines such as Tourist Submarines like the Deepstar Tourist Submarine

TRIUMPH Model - 3 Occupant Deep Diving Submersible ABS Class Vessel The Triumph Model represents the latest technology for deep one atmosphere submergence. This 3 person vessel (1 pilot & 2 passengers) has a standard depth rating of 1500 feet (457m) and can be deeper rated upon request. The spacious 60 inch acrylic cabin offers an exceptional field of view in all directions including directly below the occupants. The Triumph is ideally suited to be equipped with the latest subsea tools such as manipulators, underwater lighting, cameras and more.

SEAmobile Model - 2 Occupant Professional Submersible ABS Class Vessel The SEAmobile Model is a 2 occupant (1 pilot & 1 passenger) one atmosphere submersible that can be depth rated from 150 feet (45m) to 3000 feet (915m) deep. The SEAmobile is a light weight submersible that can be transported by trailer and can be easily launched from a regular boat ramp. The acrylic cabin offers excellent field of view and its small size and maneuverability allows for very accurate tasks underwater. As with all of SEAmagine's vessels, the SEAmobile can be equipped with a wide range of underwater equipment such as manipulators, sonar, cameras and more.

Ocean Pearl Model - 2 Occupant Recreational Submersible ABS Class Vessel The Ocean Pearl Model is a 2 occupant (1 pilot & 1 passenger) one atmosphere submersible with a standard depth rating of 270 feet (82m). This light weight and small size craft was specifically designed to be operated from large luxury yachts. With all the safety features of scientific submersibles, the Ocean Pearl design emphasizes aesthetics and comfort to offer an unparalleled underwater experience.

How will the new technology affect society? This new technology will affect society in a way that they can explore the world under the water at a different perspective. Although this equipment is very expensive it is a good way for regular humans to interact with the outside world. Some bad things that people might react to is the pollution affects that it has on the water.

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