The Cold War

Stalin’s U.S.S.R. Joseph Stalin: Took over after Lenin’s death Became a brutal dictator

Totalitarian State: Only one political party allowed → the Communist Party Took control of all aspects of life

Collectivization Stalin’s plan to improve farming Eliminated small farms – they were “collected” onto large, state-run farms If you refused, you DIED

5-Year Plan Stalin’s plan to industrialize Focused on heavy industry (military, steel, mining, farm machines) Not on consumer goods (things for people’s lives)

Purges Stalin’s attempt to eliminate anyone that could threaten his control Many government officials were imprisoned or executed

Ex. Trotsky exiled and killed

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World War II Stalin signed a non- aggression pact with Hitler Germany attacked the USSR → the USSR joined the “Allies”

The Cold War Churchill Stalin Roosevelt Yeah RIGHT I’ll help fight Japan and I’ll totally allow free elections in Eastern European countries soon. Yeah RIGHT Churchill Stalin Roosevelt

Divide it into 4 zones of occupation

The Cold War Roots of the Cold War: There were essential political differences between the two sides (U.S. and U.S.S.R.) There was a great deal of mistrust after World War II The way Europe was divided up after WW II caused an uneasy tension

Cold War Terms: Iron Curtain: name for the imaginary dividing line between the Democratic Western European nations and the Communist East European nations From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an "iron curtain" has descended across the Continent.

Cold War Terms: Eastern Bloc: the group of nations – that were communist – in Eastern Europe (behind the “Iron Curtain”)

Communist “satellites”: Another name for the “Eastern Bloc” nations Countries that were “controlled” by and near the USSR Communist

The 2 Sides USA USSR Totalitarian Republic (communist) Market economy Alliance Leading Nation Foreign Policy Economic System Type of Government N.A.T.O. (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) The Warsaw Pact USA USSR Containment – stop the spread of communism Marxism – spread Communism through rev Market economy Command economy Totalitarian (communist) Republic

Command Economy “Central Planning” State-control of production, quotas, distribution All economic decisions made by gov’t NO private business  only GOV’T ownership

Containment

Events of the Cold War Marshall Plan / Truman Doctrine: U.S. offered billions of $ to help rebuild European nations after WW2 as long as they were NOT communist

Germany should stay weak! Berlin Airlift You can go, But I’m not leaving! Germany should stay weak!

Communists tried a blockade to force the allies out of Berlin (in East Germany) No road travel in or out of West Berlin Help! We need food! We’re starving! Eventually, I Hope that Allies will just give up West Berlin to the USSR

The Allies Air lift supplies to West Berlin for 11 months! No trains or cars? The Allies Air lift supplies to West Berlin for 11 months!

Operation Little Vittles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_airlift#Operation_Little_Vittles

Forcing Stalin to give up the blockade Fine!

Arms Race: a race between 2 “super powers” (U.S. vs. U.S.S.R.) to gather bigger, better and more weapons

MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction

Space Race A race for national pride mostly It began when the Soviets put the first satellite, “Sputnik” into orbit

Berlin Wall The wall became the symbol of the Cold War The Communists put up a wall to keep East Berliners from escaping to West Berlin

Cuban Missile Crisis The Soviets put nuclear missiles in Cuba The U.S. ordered the Soviet Union to take them out The closest the world ever came to nuclear destruction The Soviet Union backed down and pulled the missiles out

Cuban Missile Crisis The Soviets put nuclear missiles in Cuba

90 miles!

Missile Range

U.S. President JFK ordered a blockade of Cuba and told the USSR to remove the missiles

The closest the world ever came to nuclear destruction

Kennedy Khrushchev nuclear holocaust

The Soviet Union backed down and pulled the missiles out

Détente A “warming” of relations between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (1970’s – 1980’s) Treaties were signed that limited nuclear weapons in each nation

Brinksmanship replaced

By détente Détente: French noun (a) relaxation of a person; release of a spring, slackening of a rope, easing of relations

A “warming” of tensions between the U. S. and the U. S. S. R A “warming” of tensions between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. (1970’s – 1980’s) Relieves Cold War tension!

President Nixon met with the leaders of

USSR and China

USSR and China

SALT I (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

reduce # of ICBMs and submarine missiles

reduce # of ICBMs and submarine missiles

Helsinki Accords

Treaties were signed that limited nuclear weapons in each nation (ex Treaties were signed that limited nuclear weapons in each nation (ex. SALT)

Fall of the USSR - CAUSES Changing of the Guard A new, younger generation leader was chosen – Mikhail Gorbechev

FALL OF THE USSR Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) symbol of the end of the Cold War

Fall of the USSR - CAUSES Glasnost: “openness” examples: some freedom of religion and press Perestroika: “restructuring” examples: allow some capitalism

Failure of the economy: Too much sacrificing “butter for guns” (too much military spending-not consumer!) Perestroika weakened an already poor economy

Challenges to the Soviet control of satellite nations Began with workers in Poland Other “Eastern Bloc” nations did the same It’s time to break free!

Break-up of the USSR After seeing Warsaw Pact nations end communism, Soviet citizens wanted the same thing Protests were not stopped and the Republics turned into separate independent nations

Results of the fall of the USSR New nations formed: Russia became the largest most important Some of the Republics formed an economic alliance called the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

Results of the fall of the USSR Effects on world communism: other Communist nations suffered (no more support from the U.S.S.R.) Ending of the Cold War: no more U.S.S.R., no more cold war