Information from Archival Tags on Salmon in the Bering Sea, Robert Walker, Kate Myers, Nancy Davis School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington, USA Jack Helle, Jim Murphy NOAA Fisheries Auke Bay Lab Shigehiko Urawa National Salmon Resources Center, Japan & NPAFC Olga Temnykh, Vladimir Sviridov TINRO-Centre, Russia Vladimir Fedorenko North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission NPRB Project R0204 NPAFC Salmon Tagging PI: Jack Helle Vladimir Fedorenko

Acknowledgments  North Pacific Research Board (NPRB)  North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC)  NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, AFSC/ABL  Fisheries Research Agency; National Salmon Resources Center; HNFRI (Japan)  Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO), KamchatNIRO (Russia)  Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada)

BASIS “The Bering-Aleutian Salmon International Survey (BASIS) is NPAFC's coordinated program of cooperative research on Pacific salmon in the Bering Sea that was designed to clarify the mechanisms of biological response by salmon to the conditions caused by climate changes. Seasonal-specific migration patterns of salmon and their relation to the Bering Sea ecosystem Key biological, climatic, and oceanographic factors affecting long-term changes in Bering Sea food production and salmon growth rates” R NPAFC Cooperative Research: Use of genetic stock identification to determine the distribution, migration, early marine survival, and relative stock abundance of sockeye and chum salmon in the Bering Sea

Tag Types:   Lotek LTD_1100 (temperature, depth)   AlphaMach iBLite, iBKrill (temperature)   StarOddi DST CTD (salinity, temperature, depth)   Lotek LTD_2400 (temperature, depth, light/geolocation)

Live Box for Trawl

Offshore archival tagging cruise tracks, = Wakatake maru = Kaiyo maru = Miller Freeman

NPAFC/NPRB DST releases and recoveries, recovery rates (Overall INPFC/NPAFC disk tag recovery rate, : 3.8%) Total releases: 637 Total recoveries: 50 Overall: 7.8%

Releases and Recoveries by Species recovery rates

Recoveries of NPAFC / NPRB DSTs released in the Bering Sea, North Pacific, and Gulf of Alaska

Key to data charts recuperation period diel behavior pattern Temperature Depth

Temperatures can help indicate changes in water mass Depths relatively constant; Fish may be choosing depth range, not temperature

Yukon Chinook - 2 Year Data Record

Night: near surface Day: few, large vertical movements

Night: 25 m below surface Day: small vertical movements, comes to the surface

Night: 25 m below surface Day: 100 m below surface

Comparison of Winters

Deep Dive Periods after Winter April-May 2003 February-May 2004

Proportion of Chinook By-Catch, EBS Trawl Fishing by season, age, and depth, Jan-FebSept-Oct Ocean ages All Ages All Ages N=392792,1972, , ,340 Depths % at m, slightly deeper Sept-Oct, more older fish in winter, younger in summer-fall

age 1.2age 1.3age 1.4 ImmatureMaturing

Sockeye Shallow dives (20-30 m) Weak to moderate diurnal pattern

Bering Sea Pink Salmon

Strong diurnal pattern May remain deep during day Moderate depth (40- 60m)

Coho   Diurnal pattern variable   Sometimes remains below surface   m dives, to > 100 m

NMaxAvg Daily Min Sockeye12830 Pink3741 Coho10970 Chum Chinook Maximum and Average Minimum Depths (m) on Data Tags

Av Night Max Av Day Max Avg Daily Max Sockeye Pink Coho Chum Chinook Avg Night Avg Day AvgDay-Night difference Sockeye3441 Pink Coho Chum Chinook

Summary   Generally relatively shallow (to m); some deep dives by chum and chinook   Species differences   Depth ranges often relatively constant while temperature ranges vary; possible selection for depth, not temperature?   Note: most data are from maturing fish; Possible changes in behavior with stage of maturity indicated by 1 tag

Suggestions for the Future   Tag more immature salmon   Tag later in fall, for better chances of recoveries of immature salmon   Tag earlier in spring, for better coverage of returning stocks   Use geolocation tags

Thank you! …Keep looking for high seas salmon tags!