Architectural Drawing History and Planning. Architectural history in house construction. Why are historical trends important and how do they influence.

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Presentation transcript:

Architectural Drawing History and Planning

Architectural history in house construction. Why are historical trends important and how do they influence the way we build?

Where did settlers come from?Building Materials: Technology:Environmental Considerations: Historical Influence England Spain France Germany Wood (#1) Stone Brick Glass (hand-made) Harsh Environment Land Clearing Req. Native Inhabitants Hand Tools Human/Animal Power

Historical House Styles English styling: Georgian styling: Regency styling: Before 18 th Century, Tudor style or Elizabethan. Stone, brick or stucco- often ½ timbered, steep roof, diamond windows. Early 1700s, Formal & symmetrical. Front doors are pedimented, hip roof Late 1700s, Like Georgian, but finer details. Often brick, painted white or yellow with hip roof. Wall extensions/ copper bay or porch roof with wrought iron.

New England Colonial (salt box) styling: Garrison styling: Cape Cod styling: Southern Colonial styling: Symmetrical like Georgian- mostly wood, steep rear roof to shed snow. 1 st break in style- 2 nd floor overhangs 1 st floor to aid in fighting off Indian raids. Small gable roofed house, central chimney, roof slopes to top of 1 st floor- usually symmetrical. 2-story high porches to shade windows for cooling.

Dutch Colonial styling: French Colonial styling: Spanish styling: Gambrel roof gives a full 2 nd story, mostly stone. New Orleans- Plastered faces- pink, yellow, green. Fancy balcony iron scroll work. Appearance of adobe walls, tiled roof, usually enclosed patio. Ceilings with exposed timbers.

Ranch styling: Split Level styling: Modern styling: “Form Follows Function” single story, rambling, open look ½ flights of steps through entire house. Split side-to-side, front-to-back. Geometric, flat roof, every element should have a purpose- nothing useless

Current Practices How are houses constructed today and how have they changed over the past few decades?

Current Practices House Designs:Foundation Materials: Environmental Considerations: Framing and Finishing: Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning (HVAC) and Mechanical Considerations: Vary among many styles Lots of angles Less attention to details Block/Slab Concrete Pre-Cast (trucked to site) Water/Waste Run-off Energy Use Lumber #1 Composites/ Laminates Steel Studding Heating sources (gas, oil, wood, coal, electric, alternates) Electrical Requirements- plan for the future Thermal & Ventilation Considerations (insulation, venting, landscape)

Vocabulary Habitation- Housing that someone is living in. Any structure for living. Home Economy- Planning a house for flow and use. Framing- Building technique. Structural members of a home Foundation- Supporting structure for a building. HVAC- Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Solar/Wind Effects- Solar and wind on a home can effect heating and air conditioning costs. Good planning can use these effects.

Future Planning How can we plan and predict future construction trends?

Environmental Considerations:Available Materials/Technology: Economy:Population: Homes of the Future Global Warming Intense Weather Ice Melting Wood- Less Woodland, Higher Costs Polymers/Composites Concrete/Steel Glass/Ceramics Smart Houses billion people billion people 47% increase Changing Economies Financial Concerns Population Centers