STRUCTURAL BASICS

Redundancy Redundancy Brittleness/ductility Brittleness/ductility Building dynamic behavior Building dynamic behavior Degradation of structural Degradation of structural Strength Strength Stiffness Stiffness Stability Stability

EARTHQUAKE MOVEMENT

DIAGONALLY BRACED FRAME

SHEATHED FRAME

MOMENT-RESISTING FRAME

CRACKING AT GIRDER-COLUMN CONNECTION

MASONRY CONSTRUCTION Unreinforced brick masonry bearing wall buildings Unreinforced brick masonry bearing wall buildings Unreinforced concrete block masonry bearing wall buildings Unreinforced concrete block masonry bearing wall buildings Steel-frame with masonry infill buildings Steel-frame with masonry infill buildings Reinforced masonry buildings Reinforced masonry buildings

FAILURE OF UNREINFORCED MASONRY PARAPET AND WALL BARRICADED AREA SUBJECT TO FALLING HAZARD

STAIRSTEP CRACKS USUALLY INDICATE UNREINFORCED CONCRETE BLOCK WALL

PIERS CRACKED FROM POUNDING AT LEVEL OF ADJACENT ROOF

EFFECTS OF POUNDING BETWEEN BUILDINGS

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL REINFORCING CONCRETE BLOCK MASONRY

BLOCKS PLACED ON END CONTINUOUS VERTICAL JOINT

REINFORCED CONCRETE BLOCK UNREINFORCED BRICK MASONRY

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Structural walls or frames Structural walls or frames Cast-in-place or pre-cast Cast-in-place or pre-cast Combinations of the above Combinations of the above

DIAGONAL CRACKS IN CONCRETE

ATC-20-1:45

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