SC Indicator 8-3.7 Illustrate the creation and changing of landforms that have occurred through geologic processes (including volcanic eruptions and mountain-building forces).

Mountain Building Forces and Faults

Building Mountains Forces (stresses) that cause rocks to break or move are: Tension Compression Shearing These forces cause the lithosphere to bend and stretch

These stresses can be strong enough to cause rocks to break This creates faults: a fracture in Earth’s lithosphere Blocks of rock move past each other along faults Earthquakes occur along faults when these rocks move

South Carolina Faults

Tension forces Tension: forces that pull rocks apart Occurs at divergent boundaries Tension stretches rock Creates a normal fault If a normal fault uplifts a large block of rock, a fault-block mountain forms

Normal Fault

Normal Faults Fault-block mountains Normal fault in Death Valley, CA

Compression Forces Compression: forces that push or squeeze rocks together Occurs along continental convergent boundaries Rock folds or breaks Creates reverse faults

Compression can produce mountain ranges If pressure is applied slowly, folded mountains form

Himalayan Mtns. Appalachian Mtns. Rocky Mtns. Of Wyoming

Shearing Forces Shearing: forces that cause rocks on either side of faults to push in opposite directions Causes rock to break and split apart Creates strike-slip faults

Plate Boundaries Movements form Movements form Movements form

Do Now: Tuesday 3/23 Read pgs. 221-225 in textbook and answer the following questions (copy down the questions): What is a fault? 2. Where are most faults located? 3. Explain how earthquakes occur. 4. Where do most earthquakes occur? 5. What are the three types of faults? 6. What type of stress produces a reverse fault?

Do Now Thursday 2/19 On light-blue side of PACT workbook: Read pgs. 73-74 and answer the following questions: 1. What type of stress will create a normal fault? 2. How do normal faults form? What three landform features are formed due to tension forces? What type of stress can create mountains, reverse faults, and volcanoes? What happens in order for volcanoes and mountains to form along a coastline? Why are there so many earthquakes along the San Andreas Fault?

Do Now Thursday March 25 1. Where converging continental plates meet, earthquakes often occur. What type of stress is placed on the rocks along converging continental plate boundaries? A. Normal B. Compression C. Tension D. Shearing 2. The primary cause of continental drift, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions is A. convection currents beneath Earth's crust. B. the rotation of Earth on its axis. C. the gradual sinking of Earth's crust. D. heat form the Sun warming Earth.

Do Now – Friday Feb 20 In PACT workbook (dark blue side) Complete pg. 83 #48-51

Do Now – Monday March 29 In PACT workbook (dark blue side) Complete pg. 45 #1-4

Diagram the Faults Draw a diagram for each of the three types of faults. Include: Arrows showing block movement Label the type of plate boundary, stress, and fault Use the diagrams on pgs. 224-225 to help you create your own illustrations