Tuesday 4/14 RAP Should the United States be more or less involved with foreign countries, in the areas of economic aid, military aid, etc. Explain. Isolationism vs. Internationalism ---- which policy in your opinion should the U.S. take when dealing with foreign affairs? Explain. Today: Review Study for test on Thursday.

Other Foreign and Defense Agencies Ch CIA – Central Intelligence Agency Created in 1947 by Congress Works under the direction of the National Security Council Director appointed by the President 3 major tasks To coordinate the information gathering activities of all State, Defense, and other federal agencies involved in the areas of foreign affairs and national defense. To analyze and evaluate all data collected by those agencies, To brief the President and the National Security Council– to keep them fully informed of all of that intelligence. Also conducts its own worldwide intelligence operations. Espionage National Security Act of 1947, expressly denies the CIA the authority to conduct any investigative, surveillance, or other clandestine activities within the US.

Other Agencies cont. INS – Immigration and Naturalization Service— Agency of the Department of Justice Deals with persons who come to the US from abroad to live and work, and who may become naturalized American citizens. Enforces immigration laws and requirements, and administers benefits to immigrants Work permits Political asylum is given to those persecuted in their home country Naturalization established in 1864 to encourage immigration 1965, immigration policy shifted from a focus on ethnicity and nationality to reunification of families, skills needed by American industry, and refugee status More than 300 ports of entry and more than 6000 miles of land borders. Over 5 million applications for asylum, for permanent residence, and for naturalization a year.

NASA –National Aeronautics and Space Administration October 4, 1957 is when it began in response to Sputnik I Created by Congress in 1958 to handle the nation’s space programs. Work ranges from basic research to exploration of outer space, and includes the development of a space station. Has opened new frontiers in fields; such as, astronomy, physics, and the environmental sciences; also, in communications, medicine, and weather forecasting. Various flight centers, laboratories, and other installations throughout the country – Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral in Florida, Johnson Space Center near Houston, TX; the Ames Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California and the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greeenbelt, MD

Selective Service Selective Service Act of 1917 First peace time draft in 1940 with the Selective Service and Training Act. Draft ended in 1947, but revived by Congress in 1948 and suspended in By 1980, the registration requirement was put back in place by Jimmy Carter, and it has stayed there ever since. Draft law still in place today for all males between the ages of 18 and 26. In your opinion, should females also have to register?

American Foreign Policy overview Ch Independence to WWI Isolationists Monroe Doctrine and Westward expansion Manifest Destiny; Protect the political and economic interests of the US in the Western Hemisphere World Power Alaska, Hawaii, Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, etc.

WWII Isolationism ends Arsenal of democracy Policy of internationalism the end of the war Post WWII Collective security – looking to keep international peace and order Deterrence – policy of making America and its allies so militarily strong that their very strength will deter or discourage any attack. Cold War - End of Cold war Truman Doctrine, Cuban missile, Vietnam, etc. Persian Gulf Terrorism

Ch Foreign Aid and Defense Alliances NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Signed in 1949 Formed to promote the collective defense of Western Europe, particularly against the threat of Soviet aggression. Members –28 countries

Rio Pact U.S, Canada, and 32 Latin America countries. Pledged to the mutual defense pact –an attack against one is an attack against all.

ANZUS of 1951 U.S, Australia, and New Zealand Ensure their collective security in the Pacific region.

Japanese Pact of 1951 Japanese and the United States Signed a mutual defense treaty America would protect Japan, and in return, Japan permitted the U.S. to maintain land, sea, and air forces in and about its territory.

Philippines Pact of 1951 Mutual defense agreement, but disagreements over its redrafting led to the withdrawal of all American military forces in Korean Pact of 1953 The U.S. would come to the aid of South Korea should it be attacked again. Taiwan Pact Between the U.S. and the Nationalist China from 1954 to Full diplomatic relations until 1979; the US withdrew its recognition of the Nationalist Chinese government.

United Nations UN which first met in San Francisco, CA from April 25 to June 26 th, 1945; where representatives from 50 nations drafted the UN Charter. American foreign policy switch from isolationism to internationalism during and after WWII. A world power with worldwide interests and responsibilities. 5 permanent members—U.S, Britain, France, Russia, and China 193 “peace loving states” -voted in by a two–thirds vote of the General Assembly, upon recommendation by the Security Council.

UN is built around six “principal organs” General assembly Each UN member has a seat and vote in the general assembly. Meets once a year, normally in September at the UN’s permanent headquarters in NYC May have special sessions, at the request of either the Security Council or a majority of the UN members. Duties: debate issues, make recommendations to security council and other bodies, elects officials, proposes amendments to charter, shares power to admit, expel, and suspend members.

Security council: made up 15 members; five of them are permanent members. Responsible for keeping the peace; can adopt measures ranging from recommendations to economic and military sanctions. Economic and social council 54 members elected by the General Assembly to three year terms. Carries out the UN’s many economic, cultural, educational, health and regulated programs. International Court of Justice All members of the UN are automatically parties to the statute. 15 judges selected for 9 year terms by the General Assembly and the Security Council. Sits in permanent session at the Peace Palace in the Hague, the Netherlands, and handles cases brought to it by members and nonmembers. Secretariat The civil service branch of the UN Headed by the Secretary General for a five year term. Staff of 9,000 people who conduct the day to day chores of the UN.

Of all the regions that receive American foreign aid, Asia has received the greatest economic assistance. The Rio Pact is an example of a regional security alliance. The nonpermanent members of the UN Security Council are elected to two-year terms by the General Assembly.

A U.S. Army carpenter and mason seals gaps in the roofing of a medical building in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. August 2011.

A USAID storage facility of humanitarian relief items in Miami, Florida. These supplies are shipped abroad in response to international emergencies and disasters. August 2011.

This poultry farmer in Ethiopia received a USAID loan to increase his yields, allowing him to provide food for over 100,000 people. December 2011.

USAID works in the West Bank and Gaza (Palestinian territories) to help farmers increase their crop yields. May 2013.

A USAID-funded ballot printing machine for elections in Nepal. April 2008.

A USAID program in Zimbabwe funded improvements in the irrigation (watering) system for banana crops. January 2013.

In Pakistan, USAID provides training to entrepreneurs. The man pictured above received training in beehive management and marketing to increase his profits. October 2012.

Community members in Kamphelo, Zambia learn how to make and use a water pump with supplies provided by USAID. July 2013.

A coastal cleanup campaign in Casares, Nicaragua co-sponsored by USAID. October 2010.

Students in Indonesia learn how to use a water treatment solution provided by USAID to make clean drinking water. December 2011.

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry learns about crop eradication during a counter- narcotics tour in Bogotá, Colombia. August 2013.

U.S. combat medics and medical volunteers treat patients in Port-au-Prince, Haiti after the 2010 earthquake. January 2010.

Dr. Rajiv Shah (center), the director of USAID, at a meeting with leaders from the United Nations and NGOs to coordinate their humanitarian relief efforts in Port-au- Prince, Haiti. July 2010.

The U.S. Air Force airdrops humanitarian aid into Port-au-Prince, Haiti and nearby areas to provide relief to the communities affected by the earthquake. January 2010.

Members of the U.S. Army teach children in Maguindanao, Philippines about dental hygiene. June 2010.

Dr. Rajiv Shah (left), the director of USAID, meets with international partners in London to discuss their commitments to family planning and improving women’s health. July 2012.

USAID provides disaster and emergency training in Hue, Vietnam. March 2012.

A U.S. Army sergeant surveys flooding in the Swat Valley in Pakistan. August 2010.

Elementary students in Zamboanga City, Philippines work on a math project from a textbook provided by USAID. February 2010.

Pakistani men receive building supplies from the U.S. Army to rebuild homes devastated by flooding in Pakistan. September 2010.

The USAID Haiti Earthquake Response Team meets to discuss relief efforts. January 2010.

USAID refurbished preschools in Vietnam. August 2011.

A veterinarian from the U.S. Army demonstrates how to use a taping device to measure the weight of cattle on a farm in Uganda. September 2013.

A search and rescue team from Virginia coordinates their efforts to find survivors following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. January 2010.

USAID trains workers to install solar panels at health clinics in Rwanda in an effort to create jobs, promote clean energy, and provide better health care. November 2010.

In Tanzania, USAID funding of low-cost greenhouses and high-quality seeds have led to better harvests for farmers. March 2013.

USAID partners with a health laboratory in Bandung, Indonesia that tests for tuberculosis (TB) in people. Indonesia has one the highest rates of TB in the world. January 2012.

Together with the government of Yemen, USAID works to improve school attendance and literacy rates among Yemeni girls. August 2012.

Begin Foreign policy Ch Foreign Affairs and National Security Please read pages and answer the following questions. Ch. 17.1—Foreign Affairs and National Security When you finish please read Ch and answer the questions.