WATER SCARCITY DESERTIFICATION

WHAT PROBLEMS DO THE PLANTS FACE HERE?

WHAT IS DESERTIFICATION IN IRELAND WE DO NOT SUFFER FROM A LACK OF WATER HOWEVER OTHER PLACES IN THE WORLD DO….. THIS LACK OF WATER IS CALLED DROUGHT THE DESERTS OF THE WORLD ARE GETTING BIGGER THIS SPREADING OF THE DESERTS IS CALLED….. DERSERTIFICATION

DROUGHTS HAPPEN WHEN THERE IS NO WATER FOR PALNTS TO GROW

CAUESES A LOT OF VERY BAD DROUGHTS HAVE HELPED CAUSE DESRTIFICATION THESE DROUGHTS HAVE HAPPENED ON THE EDGE OF THE SAHARA DESERT IN AFRICA IN A PLACE CALLED THE SAHEL THE SOIL DRIES UP BECAUSE THERE IS NO RAIN AND THEN PLANTS DIE THE WIND THEN BLOWS THE SOIL AWAY

THE SAHEL AREA OF AFRICA IS TURNING TO DESERT ONE COUNTRY THAT SUFFERS FROM THIS IS MALI EGYPT

DROUGHT IN ETHIOPIA

HOW TREES HELP KEEP SOIL IN PLACE THE ROOTS OF THE TREES KEEP THE SOIL IN PLACE THE BRANCHES AND LEAVES ON THE SUN’S HEAT OFF THE SOIL

PEOPLE HELP CAUSE DERSTIFICATION THE POPULATION OF THESE PARTS OF AFRICA ARE GETTING BIGGER BECAUSE OF BETTER MEDICINES ETC. THESE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE SAHEL NEED TO BE FED THEY HAVE NO ELECTRICITY SO THEY CUT DOWN THE TREES FOR FIREWOOD THAT MEANS THERE ARE NO ROOTS TO KEEP THE SOIL IN PLACE OR TO STOP THE SOIL FROM DRYING UPFROM THE SUN

BECAUSE THERE ARE NO TREES OR PLANTS THE LAND IS TURNING INTO DESERT LAND WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THE REST OF THE LAND IN TIME?

ANIMALS THE SOIL GETS DRIED UP AND BLOWN AWAY BECAUSE PEOPLE KEEP CUTTING DOWN TREES THE SAME HAPPENS WHEN TOO MANY ANIAMLS GRAZE ON THE LAND THEY EAT WHAT LITTLE GRASS THERE IS AND SO NO GRASS GROWS BACK….. THE PROBLEM IS THAT THIS IS THE ONLY WAY FOR THE FARMERS TO MAKE A LIVING THIS PROBLEM IS CALLED OVERGRAZING

OVERGRAZING IN THE SHAEL

THE BEST LAND IS OWNED BY THE RICH FARMERS THEY GROW CROPS THAT THEY SELL TO OTHER COUNTRIES THESE CROPS ARE CALLED CASH CROPS (BECAUSES THEY ARE SOLD FOR MONEY) THAT MEANS THE PEOPLE OF THE SAHEL ARE PUSHED ON TO THE LAND THAT IS NO GOOD FOR FARMING THIS ALL HEPLS THE DESERT S GET BIGGER

CASH CROPS IN AFRICA

TREES ARE CUT DOWN FOR FIREWOOD THERE IS NOTHING TO PROTECT THE SOIL FROM THE SUN

RESULTS OF DERSERTIFICATION FAMINE: AS THE DESERTS GET BIGGER PLANTS, ANIMALS AND PEOPLE DIE PEOLE HAVE NO FOOD AND THEN DISEASE SPREADS THIS HAS HAPPENED IN ETHIOPIA SUDAN AND SOMALIA IN THE PAST 20 YEARS

FAMINE IN SOMALIA

FAMINE IN ETHIOPIA

MILLIONS OF ACRES OF LAND IS NOW USELESS PEOPLE HAVE BEEN FORCED TO LEAVE THEIR HOMES AND MIGRATE TO OTHER PALCES TO START A NEW LIFE MANY OF THE PEOPLE END UP IN REFUGEE CAMPS BECAUSE THE COUNTRIES THEY ARE MOVING TO CAN NOT COPE

REFUGEE CAMPS

WE CAN SEE FROM THIS BAR GRAPH THAT OVERGRAZING IS A BIG PROBLEM IN AFRICA AND ALSO ASIA CAN YOU GIVE 1 REASON FOR THIS?

SANDSTORM

SOLUTIONS TO DESERTIFICATION FARMERS COULD RE-PLANT TREES AND SHRUBS TO MAKE A SHELTER BELT THIS WOULD PROTECT THE SOIL FROM THE SUN AND HELP STOP IT FROM BEING BLOWN AWAY THEY COULD ALSO STOP OVERGRAZING OF THE LAND BY ANIMALS (NOT KEEP AS MANY)

WHAT ARE THE WOMEN IN THIS PICTURE DOING? THE WOMEN ARE PLANTING TREES TO MAKE A SHELTER BELT THIS IS TO PROTECT THE SOIL FROM THE SUN

SHELTER BELTS IN AFRICA

FARMERS MUST STOP FARMING IN THE OLD WAYS THEY MUST LEARN NEW WAYS THAT WILL HELP BRING THE SOIL BACK TO LIFE ONE OF THE WAYS THEY COULD DO THIS IS BY IRRIGATION

NEW FARMING IN THE SHAEL

WHAT IS IRRIGATION THIS IS ARTIFICIALY WATERING THE LAND BY HOSES, PIPES , SPRINKLER ETC THIS WOULD HELP KEEP THE LAND WET AND STOP IT FROM DRYING OUT THIS WOULD ALSO HELP CROPS GROW AND STOP DESERTIFICATION FROM HAPPENING

IRRIGATION

CASE STUDY:THE NILE VALLEY PROJECT, EGYPT THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS WERE FARMERS THEY DEPENDED ON THE NILE RIVER TO FLOOD ONCE A YEAR FOR THEIR CROPS TO GROW THE RIVER WOULD DROP FERTILE MUD ON THE FIELDS AND ASLO WATER THE LAND THEY ALSO USED A SHADUF TO GET WATER FROM THE NILE RIVER ON TO THE FIELDS

THE RIVER NILE IN EGYPT

TOWNS IN ANCIENT EGYPT WERE BUILT BESIDE THE RIVER NILE

FARMERS HAD THEIR FARMS ON THE BANKS OF THE NILE……WHY DO YOU THINK THEY DID THIS?

THIS IS THE NILE DELTA? WHAT IS A DELTA? THE NILE FLOWED INTO THE MEDITERRANENAN SEA CAN YOU SEE THE SAHARA DESERT ON SATELLITE PICTURE?

TODAY THEY BUILT A DAM ACROSS THE NILE TO CONTROL THE RIVER THIS DAM IS CALLED THE ASWAN HIGH DAM IT IS PART OF THE EGYPTIAN GOVERNMENTS PLAN TO MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS ENOUGH WATER FOR EVERYBODY ALL YEAR ROUND

THE ASWAN HIGH DAM……LOOK AT THE PICTURE WHAT WAS A DAM?

REASONS FOR THE PROJECT TO CONTROL THE FLOODING THAT HAPPENS IN EARLY SPRING (THIS IS BECAUSE THE SNOW MELTS HIGH IN THE MOUNTAINS AND ENDS UP IN THE NILE RIVER) THE DAM CAN ALSO MAKE HYDRO-ELECTRICITY FOR ALL THE PEOPLE OF EGYPT

THE DAM ON THE NILE: THE WATER BEING LET OUT

THE WATER IN THE RIVER NILE WILL BE STORED BEHIND THE DAM WALL THIS WILL BE A RESERVOIR (A PLACE TO STORE WATER UNTIL IT IS NEEDED) THE WATER IN THE RESEVOIR CAN BE LET OUT WHEN EVER IT IS NEEDED. THIS WOULD HELP THE FARMERS GROW MORE FOOD FOR THE PEOPLE

THIS IS HOW THEY BUILT THE ASWAN HIGH DAM CAN YOU TELL HOW DEEP THE RESERVOIR WAS ?

COMPLETING THE PROJECT THE ASWAN HIGH DAM WAS BUILT ACROSS THE NILE AN ARTIFICIAL LAKE WAS MADE BEHIND THE DAM WALL THIS LAKE WAS CALLED LAKE NASSER A HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER STATION WAS BUILT IN THE DAM WALL (BIG WHEELS PUT IN AND WHEN THAT WATER PASSES THROUGH THEM THEY TURN AND MAKE ELECTRICTY

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE DAM BUILDING A DAM LIKE THIS CAN STOP A RIVER FROM FLOWING THIS CAN HELP SOLVE PROBLEMS FOR PEOPLE HOWEVER IT CAN ALSO CAUSE PROBLEMS……CAN YOU DESCRIBE SOME OF THESE?

THE RIVER NILE ASWAN HIGH DAM LAKE NASSER

ADVANTAGES THE FARMERS HAVE MORE WATER FOR THEIR CROPS TO GROW THEY ALSO HAVE WATER ALL YEAR ROUND MORE FOOD CAN BE GROWN NOW FARMERS CAN GROW 3 CROPS A YEAR INSTEAD OF ONLY 1 IN ANCIENT TIMES

CROPS ARE GROWN UP TO 3 TIMES A YEAR NOW BY FARMERS ALONG THE NILE

NOW LARGE AMOUNT OF HYDRO-ELECTRICITY IS MADE THIS IS GOOD FOR HOMES AND FOR INDUSTRY IN EGYPT

LOOKING DOWNSTREAM FROM THE ASWAN DAM

DISADVANTAGES OF THE DAM TO BUILD THE DAM FARMERS HAD TO MOVE THIS WAS BECAUSE THE LAND WOULD BE FLOODED BEHIND THE DAM WALL THIS LAND WAS FERTILE LAND (GOOD FOR GROWING CROPS) AND NOW IT IS UNDER WATER

FERTILE LAND WAS NOW FLOODED CAN YOU SPOT WHAT THE RESERVOIR CAN BE USED FOR?

THE RIVER NOW DROPS ALL THE FERTILE MUD ON THE BOTTOM OF THE RESERVOIR THIS MEANS FARMS ALONG THE NILE NO LONGER GET THIS FERTILE MUD TO HELP THEIR CROPS GROW THIS ALSO MEANS THAT THE NILE DELTA IS GETTING SMALLER

VERY FEW NUTRIENTS FOR FISH ARE CARRIED DOWNSTREAM THIS MEANS THERE IS NOW LESS FISH IN THE RIVER NILE FISHERMEN ALONG THE NILE ARE NOT CATCHING MUCH FISH AS ARESULT