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  Agriculture (p. 125)  Civilization (p. 140)  Domesticate (p. 123)  Environment (p. 122)  Famine (p. 137)  Irrigation (p. 136)  Self-sufficient (p. 130)  Shrine (p. 129)  Surplus (p. 121) Reviewing Key Terms

  N., the science, art, and business of raising animals and plants to supply food for humans; farming Agriculture

  N., a complex society with a stable food supply, specialization of labor, a government, and a highly developed culture Civilization

  V., to train or adapt an animal or plant to live in a human environment, making it more useful to humans Domesticate

  N., all the living and non-living things in a person’s surroundings Environment

  N., a widespread shortage of food that threatens death from starvation Famine

  N., the act of supplying dry lands with water by means of canals, ditches, pipes, and streams Irrigation

  Adj., able to provide for oneself without the help of others Self-Sufficient

  N., a place where people worship, usually containing a sacred object or statue Shrine

  N., an extra amount; more than is needed Surplus

  1. When hunter-gatherers learned to control their environment, their lifestyle changed. A. True/False Statements

  1. When hunter-gatherers learned to control their environment, their lifestyle changed.  TRUE A. True/False Statements

  2. Agriculture could not have developed without the domestication of plants. A. True/False Statements

  2. Agriculture could not have developed without the domestication of plants.  TRUE A. True/False Statements

  3. Famine would make people self- sufficient. A. True/False Statements

  3. Famine would make people self- sufficient.  FALSE.  Famine would make people have to rely on others for food. A. True/False Statements

  4. Surplus food helped the growth of trade. A. True/False Statements

  4. Surplus food helped the growth of trade.  TRUE A. True/False Statements

  5. The shrines of Catal Huyuk, with their paintings and sculptures, were much like our art museums of today. A. True/False Statements

  5. The shrines of Catal Huyuk, with their paintings and sculptures, were much like our art museums of today.  FALSE  The shrines did have paintings and sculptures but were primarily places of worship. A. True/False Statements

  6. Ur is considered a civilization because it learned to domesticate plants and animals. A. True/False Statements

  6. Ur is considered a civilization because it learned to domesticate plants and animals.  FALSE  Ur is considered a civilization because it had an organized society and labor force, trade system, and a system of government. A. True/False Statements

  If you were a farmer living 5,000 years ago, why would the following be important to you? Write an explanation of how these things would influence your farm life. B.

  Domesticated plants and animals allow me to settle in one place instead of traveling in search of food. 1. domesticated plants and animals

  Irrigation increases crop yield in areas with irregular or inadequate rainfall. 2. irrigation

  A surplus allows me to store food for times when crops are bad. 3. surplus

  All the elements of my environment contribute to the success or failure of my farm. 4. environment

 Location and Date SizeLifestyleDwellings Ain Mallaha 11,000-8,000 B.C. Small villageHunter- gatherers Round pits with reed roofs, dirt walls Catal Huyuk 6,000 B.C. Large townFarmers, crafts people, traders Mud-brick homes with rooftop access Umm Dabaghiyah 6,000 B.C. Small trading post Hunters and traders Long, mud-brick storehouses Ur 3,000-2,000 B.C. Large citySpecialized jobsLarge structures Exploring Concepts- A.

  You could draw the following conclusions from studying the ancient Middle East. Using facts and details from the chapter, give proof that these conclusions are correct. B. Prove With Evidence

1. Some hunter-gatherers began to settle down between 11,000 and 8,000 B.C. Bins for surplus food at Ain Mallaha indicate that some hunter-gatherers began staying in one place.

2. Early farmers domesticated plants and animals. A variety of wheat and barley in the same area indicated that early farmers sowed wild grains. Around 8500 B.C., the skeletal structure of domesticated sheep began changing from that of wild sheep.

3. Neolithic farmers learned to make flour. Querns were found at Neolithic sites, indicating that the farmers learned to grind the wheat into flour.

4. The people of Catal Huyuk traded with distant communities. Obsidian was found at Jericho; turquoise and copper from the Sinai Peninsula were found in Catal Huyuk.

5. Umm Dabaghiyah was a much different community than Catal Huyuk and Ur. Umm Dabaghiyah had no hearths, platforms, or tools. It was a hunting and trading post, comprised mostly of storehouses. Catal Huyuk and Ur had permanent living quarters, a religious life, and a craft industry.

6. The city of Ur was organized; it also had leadership Ur had a sophisticated irrigation system and ziggurats. Ur had a king, queen, and royal family.

7. The residents of Catal Huyuk and Ur were self-sufficient, but the residents of Umm Dabaghiyah were not. Residents of Catal Huyuk and Ur had food, water, and shelter. Umm Dabaghiyah hunters traded animal hides for food.

8. The early communities of Ain Mallaha, Catal Huyuk, an Ur were formed because of their geography and environment. All were close to rivers and had a variety of plants, animals, and resources.

9. Archeologists’ work is important. Archeologists’ findings reveal the history and development of civilizations.

 Reviewing Skills

  1. Would you expect to find traces of ancient irrigation ditches at Eridu or Ali Kosh? Explain. Review Skills

  2. Make a table that will show that Ur was a civilization. Review Skills

 Food Supply Special- ization Govern- ment Social Levels Cultural Develop- ment Evidence of Ur’s Civiliza- tion Food surplus created by irrigation and farming Ziggurat, irrigation system, crafts, trade, and professional occupations indicated specialized labor force. King, queen, royal family Three levels. Art, writing system, music, law, architecture, and religion Proof That Ur Was a Civilization

  3. The people of Ain Mallaha, Catal Huyuk, Umm Dabaghiyah, and Ur all invented tools that helped them in their work. How could you show the tools used by these communities on a map?  Students could paste small drawings of tools near appropriate cities on a map. Review Skills