The Industrial Revolution

Timeline of the Industrial Revolution James Watt’s Steam engine 1848 – Marx’s Communist Manifesto New tools begin Agricultural rev 1st railroad (in England) Car invented In Germany 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1845- Irish Potato Famine 1st airplane 1859 – Darwin’s Origin of Species

The Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution: a change in the way food was produced

CHANGES Enclosed Fields – split up and organized farms Crop Rotation – more harvested per field

CHANGES Better animal breeding – more food per animal New machinery – fewer workers needed

RESULTS Much more food produced with fewer workers Population grew (Fewer farm jobs) Population grew

Industrial Revolution: A change in the way things were made DOMESTIC SYSTEM FACTORY SYSTEM Making products: At home By hand One person/family Making products: In a factory By machine Many people

What a Nation needs to have Industry Capital ($ for investment) Labor force (workers) Transportation system (materials and products) Raw materials (especially coal, iron, & cotton) Market (a place to sell products)

Great Britain had ALL of these things!

How Industrialization Effected Society

URBANIZATION People moving into cities too quickly Overcrowding Unsafe living conditions

How the Other Half Lives

Working Conditions Child labor: Factory owners used kids as young as 5 because you could pay them less Long hours: 12-16 hour days Dangerous conditions: unsafe machinery & buildings passages http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JPmVBxsTa8&feature=related

Changing Social Roles Women: Family: Children: either run the household or work long hours for less pay than men Family: Working class families suffered; middle class families improved Children: Unhealthy, worked in unsafe conditions

Transportation Greatly improved Canals and railroads built Steam engine increased speed

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution Liberals Conservatives Want changes New republics Laissez-faire economy Want stability (no change) Old monarchies Nobles control economy

Adam Smith Wrote The Wealth of Nations “Laissez-Faire” Government hands off of business

Thomas Malthus Believed population was increasing faster than food supply Said solution was to let the poor starve

Charles Darwin Wrote The Origin of Species Theory of Evolution Natural selection – survival of the fittest

Social Darwinism Said the rich and powerful are the “fittest” Used to justify racism Used as an excuse to take advantage of working class, weak nations

Socialism – economic system in which society owns business & everyone shares work and profits Utopian Socialism Marxist Socialism Everyone shares everything Goal  Peace and equality Started by Karl Marx Workers of the world unite and violently overthrow the middle class (bourgeoisie) Goal  end capitalism, create classless society

The Arts Late 1700s Emotion, not reason Early 1800s Romanticism Realism Late 1700s Emotion, not reason Ex. Beautiful landscapes Impressionism Early 1800s Show the world as it really was Ex. Dicken’s novels Late 1800s Anti-realism Ex. Monet

Attempts to Reform Society

Attempts to Reform Society Sadler Report Education Report on Child labor Led to child labor laws Public schools created Get kids out of factories

Suffrage Means the right to vote Extended to all men, then women

Labor Legislation Safety conditions: less hours, safer machines Women and children: less hours, safer work Trade Unions: created to protect workers, used strikes and protests

Global Migrations CAUSES

Improved Transportation Social Causes Population growth (cities too crowded) Poor living conditions Poor working situations Political Causes People were leaving monarchies and wanting democracy Improved Transportation Expanded the search for raw materials Search out new markets

EXAMPLES of migration Europeans go to America for opportunity Irish come to America due to potato famine

Essential Questions How did the Agricultural Revolution support the Industrial Revolution? More food  able to feed cities; less work on farms How can the Industrial Revolution be considered the major turning point in history? Huge population increase; transportation inventions; new reforms How did the abuses of the Industrial Revolution lead to the competing ideologies for social change? Ideologies compete to solve social problems Liberal vs. Conservative Capitalism vs. Socialism

government regulation Economy where decisions Essential Questions Compare and Contrast the ideas of Adam Smith and Karl Marx? Capitalism – Adam Smith Socialism – Karl Marx Definition Supporting Theory Role of the Government Who owns the means of production (factories & farms) Economy without government regulation Economy where decisions are made by the gov’t Laissez-Faire The Wealth of Nations Socialism Communist Manifesto Gov’t does NOT Interfere in business Gov’t makes ALL Economic decisions Private ownership (by ppl) Gov’t owns all businesses