Runes and alphabets in Viking Ireland. The first people who learnt to write used pictures to represent words These are Egyptian hieroglyphs as found painted.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Dakarai’s Egyptian Adventure
Advertisements

Unit 10: What can we find out about
Cuneiform.
Ancient Egypt By Megan, Grace, Victoria, Pierce and Conor.
TRAVELING AROUND LONDON.. Roman London.  People have lived in the London area for more than years, but there used to be forests and marshes instead.
Topics What does hieroglyphs mean? What directions did they write? What did they use to write on? How did hieroglyphs change in time? Comparing hieroglyphs.
The King Tut Story: A child king Do Now: Do you think a child can be king? Why or why not?
Anglo-Saxon Lyric Poetry
ASL Jeopardy Today!!! You may have your culture/grammar review sheet out, but put everything else away. Music is allowed (and food/drink), but no texting/phones.
Hieroglyphics. Scribes Scribes could read and write and were sons of powerful people. They went to school to learn how to write. Scribes kept records.
Vocabulary Punctuation Study Guide. GLOSSARY: A glossary is a list of words and their meanings in alphabetical order.
Virtual Field trip to Ireland Mrs. Ashby’s 4th Grade Liverpool Elementary.
Burials and Ogham Stones
Anglo-Saxon (Anglo-Frisian) Alphabet By Alex Kriteman March 30, 2011.
The alphabet (Uda Communication) by Travaglini Giorgio class: I A English Teacher: Miscia Roberta.
Writing Why is it such a big deal?.  Ancient Egyptians believed that a person could not achieve immortality if his or her name was not spoken or inscribed.
Roel Man
Chinese Writing Alex Garfin, Noam Oster, and Kiyan Ahmadi.
The Vikings By Francis Mc Namee. Who Were The Vikings? The Vikings came from Norway, Sweden and Denmark. They were excellent ship builders and warriors.
Historical Orientation--Egypt We are now ready to begin a more detailed historical study of the mathematics of several of the ancient civilizations that.
Hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics is a system of writing which uses logograms (single characters which may represent an idea, a subject, or a word) rather.
Lesson Objectives To understand how the Ancient Egyptians learned to communicate in writing.
Ancient Egyptian Writing
Hieroglyphics of Ancient Egypt
 Developed own writing system  First used picture symbols to represent objects or sounds  EX: A picture of a house to represent house.
1 Hieroglyphs. Hieroglyphs deciphered 2  The ancient Egyptian word for hieroglyphs, literally translated as “language of the gods”  Priests used hieroglyphs.
Directions x A Short History Of Phonics and Languages Man has not always had languages the way he does today. A language is usually started by someone.
Four Basic Periods The Pre-mechanical Age The Mechanical
Main Ideas. The Vikings came from the countries that are now called Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. These lands are cold, and bleak, with deep rivers, rocky.
Theme of the Week Fact or opinion? Monday. Word of the Day ST. George is patron saint of England. Necessary.
SUZANNE RUMMEL MEREDITH DILLE ED OCTOBER 22, 2001.
Just Words Review Unit 1 About English: Every human community has a language, or a way to speak to each other with understanding Every human community.
The Ogham Alphabet. Ogham was the first form of writing in Ireland dating back to the 4 th century AD and was in use for five hundred years. Ogham was.
Hieroglyphics.
Timeline of Ancient Egypt
What do we know about St. Patrick? Is Patrick mentioned in the Bible? No! He lived about 400 years after Jesus.
Language and Communication ELA 9. How do we communicate?
Saif Al Suwaidi Grade 3E Teacher: Mr. Simpson. The Phoenicians discovery was the alphabet and that was when the first language was discovered.
Runic Alphabet By Julian Harmon. Origin FLittle is known about the origins of the runic alphabet, originally known as futhark. FThe name of futhark came.
The Evolution of Writing BC scribes in Sumer created cuneiform – pressing wedge shaped marks into wet clay Writing began as pictographs – pictures.
Vermeer Northern Renaissance. Northern Renaissance The Renaissance began in Italy in the late 1400’s. The ideas and styles of art that started in Italy.
How to teach Reading ( Phonics )
Sequoyah By: Justine Fontes. Introduction AA man named Sequoyah created a Cherokee alphabet for his people.  Some letters from the Cherokee alphabet.
The Pyramid Builders. The Old Kingdom Historians believe that Upper and Lower Egypt united around the year 2925 B.C. Prior to that, separate rulers controlled.
Ancient Egyptian Innovations and Contributions. King Tutankhamen’s Tomb 1) When did Tutankhamen die? How old was he? 1323 BCE 19 years old 2) What are.
Egyptian Achievements. Egyptian Writing If you were reading a book and saw pictures of folded cloth, a leg, a star, a bird, and a man holding a stick,
Drawing and Painting Fun (4th) - Egypt -. Where’s Egypt? In the north of Africa.
Egypt Achievements.
Egyptian Contributions Created by: Catherine H. Harrison.
The Normans came from Normandy, France. However, they were originally Vikings from Scandinavia. At the beginning of the tenth century, the French King,
EXAMPLE The history of written School.
Early writing systems or Why is writing important? How do we use writing?
The linguistic geography of Europe Language Groups Celtic languages Spread over much of southern and western Europe, including France, northern Italy.
Old English Letters. Historians say that there is not much difference between the language used in Old English compared to the English that we speak today.
EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHICS. HIEROGLYPHIC SYSTEM The hieroglyphic system used in ancient Egypt had between 700 and 800 basic symbols, called glyphs. This number.
The story of the Letter A Present by: Alfasy-Vaxcman Sara Course: The Development of English Teacher: Pro. Penny Ur Date: December, 2 nd, 2009.
What is hieroglyphic writing? In 391 AD the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius close all pagan temple throughout the empire. This action construct a four thousand.
Nile River. Nile River = Nile River Hieroglyphics.
History at Key Stage 2 Unit 10: What can we find out about ancient Egypt from what has survived?
Hieroglyphics.
Minted :Telling the story of changing British rulers
Graphic Arts 110 Pictograms Ideograms Phonograms.
The Invention of Writing
Good Morning  What impact did hieroglyphics have on Egypt? SWBAT
Origins of Written Language By Lorette Mann-Dale 2016
What do you notice about these shapes?
Use adjectives to describe these animals
Where is Egypt?.
Art, Architecture, and Learning in Egypt
History of the English Language
Presentation transcript:

Runes and alphabets in Viking Ireland

The first people who learnt to write used pictures to represent words These are Egyptian hieroglyphs as found painted on the walls of the chambers inside the pyramids.

Over time, people learnt to use letters which each represented a sound. The alphabet we use today was first developed by the Etruscans in north Italy and then popularised by the Romans. They brought their writing system all over the known world when they created the Roman Empire. Etruscan letters This is a Roman building brick, stamped with the name of the Tenth Legion (The Romans used X = 10)

When the Romans brought their alphabet to new lands, the letters often didn’t represent sounds in the new languages. People had to use combinations of letters so they would represent local sounds. Bean is the Irish word for woman. How do you pronounce the first letter? But sliabh is the Irish word for mountain – and how do you pronounce the final two letters? Bh in Irish is a very different sound from B. Rzecz is the Polish word for “thing”. RZ should be pronounced as j in the French word bon jour and CZ should be pronounced as in English change.

Instead of inventing combinations of letters, the ancestors of the Vikings and the Irish both developed alphabets of their own. The Viking letters are called RUNES. Spears from Denmark made around the years 200 AD are inscribed with letters like this. This alphabet is called the Elder Futhark and they are the oldest type of RUNES.

In Ireland, the alphabet the Irish developed is called ogham This alphabet was used on standing stones to inscribe the names of the dead. The man buried here was called “Little Bald one, son of Calf-Lord” and he died around the time of St Patrick.

Both these alphabets – the runes and the ogham changed over time. Sometimes sounds dropped out of the languages so the symbols to represent them disappeared. Other times, new sounds were added so new symbols were necessary. Runes also differed in various countries as the teachers and writers in each area worked out alphabets for themselves. If you want to look at the story of this in more detail, look up the website:

Runes in Ireland We know what the runes used by Vikings in Ireland looked like because a man in Dublin carved the full alphabet on a piece of wood from an old barrel.

One of these is the Viking runic alphabet from Ireland and one is ogham – which is which? Both runes and ogham letters were designed to be carved with a knife rather than written with a pen. This is why so few of the symbols have curves in them.

The same sound in different alphabets Sometimes the same sound existed in both languages but the Vikings and the Irish each had their own letter. Say the word KICK aloud. Now say the word CAN. What sound do both these words begin with? The Irish represented this sound with a C while the Vikings represented it with a K. So the Irish would write a man’s name as CORMAC and the Vikings would write the same name as KORMAK. Similarly, the Irish would write FIACC and the Vikings would write FIAK. Can you write your own name in ogham or in runes? If there are not enough letters in the alphabet the Vikings used in Ireland – try writing it in the Elder Futhark like the Danes.

The Viking learn the use of the dot from the Irish You may notice on old shop signs writing that looks like this. It is called the seanchló and it represents an Irish alphabet in which a dot is used where today we’d use a “h”. This dot changes our pronounciation. What is the English version of this name?

The dotted runes Over time the Vikings also began to use a dot and, like the Irish, they used it to represent sounds for which they did already not have runic symbols. These new symbols were added to the Viking alphabet around the year AD 1000, in the lifetime of King Brian Boru.

Thorgrim’s grave marker at Killaloe The dead man’s name was carved in runes as þurkrim but there is a dot over the k which changes the sound to a “g”. The first letter is the special Viking letter “thorn” which does not exist in our modern alphabet but which we represent with the letters “th”. So this man’s name was THURGRIM. In the Ogham alphabet, however, they spelt his name as TORQRIM. He remains one of the very few early Viking settlers in Ireland whom we know by name. It is fascinating that his family decided to commemorate him with a grave stone carved in both the Viking and the Irish alphabets.

Can you invent an alphabet of your own? When J.R. Tolkien was writing the Lord of the Rings he invented languages and alphabets for his various characters. Can you invent a language and an alphabet of your own? Decide what sounds your language has and then draw symbols to represent them. Act out a scene in class where you try and talk to people in your own “secret” language.