Restoration History- Review  WHAT has been “restored”?  WHERE did Charles II spend much of his exile and HOW did this affect the English court?  WHY did Parliament push for James II to abdicate the throne?

Religious strife…again  Recap: –Christian missionaries begin converting Anglo Saxons in the British Isles circa 597 CE. Catholicism eventually becomes the official religion of England –Henry VIII breaks with Catholic Church (remember the whole “six wives” debacle?) and establishes Anglican Church –Bloody Mary returns England to Catholicism

Wait..are we Anglican or Catholic?  Elizabeth I re-establishes Anglicanism as the official religion of England  SO England is a predominantly PROTESTANT country and pursues anti-Catholic policies (Act of Settlement, war with Catholic France etc)  England, Scotland and Wales unite as Great Britain

So who is missing? IRELAND   When Henry VIII turned England into a Protestant (Anglican)country most of Ireland adhered to their Catholic faith. Several English monarchs attempted to force the Irish to convert, but Ireland remains predominantly Catholic.

  In the course of time the landowners in the northern part of Ireland fled their land and left it to the English king. James I (circa 1601) sent thousands of protestant colonists to settle on the land that belonged to the Catholic people. These settlements were called plantations.

  The Catholics rebelled against this policy but by the middle of the 17th century they had been finally defeated. The Catholics were left without land and power.

 The English who took over Irish land treated their “tenants” cruelly, and the Irish had no recourse as they had neither power nor money on their side

Enter Jonathan Swift  Jonathan Swift  Anglican Priest  Satirist  Political writer  Swift ends up uniquely in between the two societies (English and Irish)

On the English side…  Born to English parents  Lived in Surrey, England as secretary to a retired English diplomat  Involved in British politics  Anglican priest

On the Irish Side…  One Irish parent  Born in Dublin, Ireland  Attended Trinity College in Dublin  Appointed dean of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin –He felt exiled after having lived in Eng for so long, but it allowed him to recognize the abhorrent English attitude toward the Irish

Thus…  Swift’s writing lashes out against the English treatment of the Irish through his satires. A Modest Proposal is one of the most famous satires ever written, and succeeded in drawing attention to the issues

“A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift

So far we’ve been learning about… - The structure of persuasive arguments - The effect of persuasive appeals - Evaluating the effectiveness of written arguments

Opening Others’ Eyes What if you had good ideas for solving a terrible social problem, but no one would listen to you? How would you get people’s attention?

Another method for persuasive writing is…  Satire – a literary work that uses irony, humor and fallacy to point out problems and criticize the people who are causing them.  IRONY – the opposite of what you expect to happen  FALLACY – a mistaken belief or a failure of reasoning that makes an argument invalid.

Verbal irony occurs when a writer or speaker says one thing but really means something quite different—usually the exact opposite. You overslept, forgot to feed the dog, and are coming down with a bad cold. Someone asks you how you’re doing, and you respond, “Just great. I wish every day could be just like this one.” You have just used verbal irony.

Writers cannot depend on tone of voice to convey sarcasm, so they often use irony to make their point. Literary Focus: Verbal Irony It will be most beneficial to student athletes if they are allowed to coast through school. After all, why take up precious space in their brains with math or social studies when they have a whole playbook to memorize? Getting a college degree is overkill when you already know how to protect a quarterback, shoot free throws, or pitch a shutout. Is this writer being sarcastic? How can you tell?

Examples… As you watch each of these examples think about WHAT issue is being satirized and WHY the argument is effective hu-march /crisis-in- dairyland---apocalypse-cow hu-march /crisis-in- dairyland---apocalypse-cow ob1yIFwI ob1yIFwI

Explain why you think satire might be an effective tool for social change?

“A Modest Proposal” by Jonathan Swift  Define Modest  Define Proposal  List following vocabulary AND Label + if you Know the Word Well -- if you have Heard of It ? if you have No Clue alms prodigious parish dam commodity flay *Use your resources to define each term (prior knowledge, dictionary, neighbor, etc)

Modest = limited; moderate; not extreme Proposal = suggestion; plan alms = money, food, donations given to needy prodigious = enormous; huge parish = local church community; political subdivision of British county

Write down each of the following words. Next to each, indicate + or – to denote positive or negative connotation : ChildrenphysicianAmerican carcasscharity one millionfleshbeggars nation devoured foodbreedersprofit refinementshambles

Pictures to consider:

Irish harvests had been poor for years. Jonathan Swift faced such a situation in the late 1720s, when starvation was widespread in Ireland. Farmers couldn’t pay the rents demanded by their English landlords. A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Beggars and starving children filled the streets. England’s policies kept the Irish poor.

Appalled by the misery in Ireland, Jonathan Swift set out to make the English more responsive to their neighbors’ suffering. He wrote a pamphlet—a shocking satire that offered an outrageous “solution” to the problem of famine. A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift [End of Section]

AS WE READ…  Think about how Swift is using irony and over exaggeration to get a reaction from his audience  Think about what his REAL purpose is  Watch for his use of logos, pathos, and ethos