Louis Penafiel Vincent Bagnara Kristoffer Averion Tayler Tovar-Allen The Gulf War Louis Penafiel Vincent Bagnara Kristoffer Averion Tayler Tovar-Allen

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Background US led coalition Iraq was first conflict to take place in new international order after Cold War Feb, 1990: Saddam demanded money from Kuwait and UAE July, 1990: He moved the Republican Guard to the border with Kuwait

Background (cont’d) July, 1990: Meets with US ambassador Glaspie and reasserts lack of intention to invade Kuwait Iraqi and Kuwaiti delegates meet in Jeddah with no agreement Iraq invades Kuwait, UN Resolution 660 condemns Iraq’s invasion.

Type of War US Limited war and limited invasion Fought without having to totally pay for the war financed by all coalition allies stealth technology

Type of War (cont’d) Iraq US believed it was limited invasion thought to be going for oil or northern land of country Turned into a whole occupation of Kuwait

Stronger & Weaker sides The belligerents consisted of a coalition of forces of Kuwait, United States, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, France, Syria, Morocco, Qatar, Oman, Pakistan, Canada, Argentina, Spain, Italy The stronger side The weaker side consisted of Iraq. with the little enforcements established in their new republic in Kuwait.

Military Causes (New Technology) Superior technology had enabled the coalition to ensure victory at every turn. It was obvious in Operation Desert Storm just how the Iraqis were unequipped and how overwhelming the U.S. forces were in terms of military power. The Iraqi forces were held powerless by the might of the new technologies of the United States forces. The Iraqis still had the scud missiles given to them by the Soviet Union which would prove useful but nonetheless powerless to the Coalition forces.

Major battles Battle of Khafji First Major Land battle of gulf war Took place near Khafji, Saudi Arabia 43 dead 52 wounded 2 captured for UN forces 60-300 dead 400 Captured for the Iraqis Highway of Death Highway 80 Coalition forces attacked Iraqi forces retreating from Kuwait between 1400-2000 vehicles hit or abandoned on the highway The next day Bush 41 called for an end to the hostilities

Course of war The war began as a UN action against the iraqi invasion and annexation of kuwait Operation desert shield begins as “purely defensive” to prevent invasion of Saudi Arabia When diplomacy failed Operation Desert storm began to force iraqis from Kuwait Operation Desert storm began with use of air strikes against iraqis on 2/24/1991 A ground invasion begins to force iraqis out of kuwait 3/3/1991 Iraqis accept terms of ceasefire and end hostilities

Who won? The UN forces were successful in forcing out the iraqis from Kuwait They achieved the victory quickly Victory ended on UN terms Overall it was a UN victory

Advantages and Disadvantages of Belligerents (Iraq) Advantages: Home front SCUDs Disadvantages: Inferior technology and skills Against the United Nations coalition

Political Ramifications for Superpowers and UN - Kuwait independent - Resolution No. 687 adopted -Syria was able to defeat uprisings in Lebanon - Yemeni guest workers were expelled from Saudi Arabia, hurting the economy and creating tensions between them.