KiVa Anti-bullying programme Developed by Prof Christina Salmivalli University of Turku, Finland Funded by Finnish Government RCT trial National roll out since 2009 Approved for WG funding

2 2 2 defenders of the victim outsiders assistants of the bully victim reinforcers of the bully 12% 8% 20% 7% 17% 24% bully  Participant roles in bullying (Salmivalli et al., 1996) Background of KiVa: The social architecture of bullying

3 3 In order to reduce bullying...  We do not necessarily need to change the victims, making them ”less vulnerable” UNIVERSAL  Influencing the behavior of classmates can reduce the rewards gained by the bullies and consequently, their motivation to bully in the first place INDICATED However, the victims need to feel that they are heard and helped by the adults at school The bullies need to be confronted for their unacceptable behavior

4 4  Repeating & testing of what has been learnt – ”I KNOW”  Learning to take action – ”I CAN”  Motivation – ”I DO” KiVa games and KiVa Street are closely connected to student lessons

5 RCT: Success of the indicated actions  The proportion of cases handled by the school team in which bullying...  Stopped completely79.4%  Decreased18.5%  Remained the same 1.9%  Increased 0.3% Garandeau et al., Tackling acute cases of bullying: Comparison of two methods in the context of the KiVa antibullying program. 5

6 Scaling up  2009: 1450 schools  2010: schools  2011: schools + Åland Island  82% of comprehensive schools in the country have adopted KIVa  About teachers and other school personnel trained face-to-face 6

7 Main conclusions (broad rollout)  Effects weaker than in RCT, but still significant (for victimization, OR= 1.21, 95% CI= ), with much variation across grade levels  Again, strongest effects in grade 4 and weakest in secondary school (grades 7-9)  Generalized to Finnish population of 500,000 students, the effects of this size would mean a reduction of victims and 8000 bullies after nine months of KiVa implementation 7

8 Current pilot in Wales  Small scale KESS funded evaluation, CEBEI – Suzy Clarkson Mres  7 schools in North Wales, 3 schools in Cheshire, 7 schools in South Wales  Trained by Christina in May 2012, Unit 2 curriculum in English 9 – 11 yos  The 17 schools completed baseline pupil survey and are implementing programme, and very enthusiastic about the lessons  Only one bullying incident addressed so far 8

9 RCT funding from March 2013 Welsh Big Lottery Funding Project Partners, Dartington Social Research Unit, CEBEI and CEIT 20 primary schools (from across Wales) To implement and evaluate the entire KiVa primary school curriculum (Units 1 and 2) (all of KS2, years 3 - 6) Randomised allocation of schools 10 schools to implement 2013 and 20 schools to implement in 2014 Meetings with Christina in March to identify interested schools 9

10 Aims and outcomes 10 Reduce bullying, measured by pupil self- report – online survey Reduce victimisation, measured by pupil self-report – online survey Improved mental well-being, measured by Child and Teacher Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Improved school attendance, measured in terms of half day sessions missed