APA Format Plagiarism, Cheating, Referencing, and Citations Psychology 291 September 11, 2012

APA 6 th edition Manual available for purchase (~ $40) Available on reserve at the library (6 copies) Available from Psych dept. secretary (1 copy) Updated link on Psychology Department WebsitePsychology Department Website OWL at Purdue

Physical Formatting Margins = 1 inch Font = Times New Roman, Palatino Linotype, Courier in 12 point font size Do not justify margins Double spaced but no added spaces between paragraphs Single space after a period. Pages numbered with Arabic numerals Include a running head 0.5 inches from top margin Indent paragraphs (except Abstract)

Elements of an APA format Laboratory Report Title Page Abstract (if instructed) Introduction Method Results Discussion Reference Page Appendices/Tables/Figures (if necessary)

Content Formatting Use the past tense or present perfect tense in the Introduction to refer to past events – Past Tense: Sanchez (2000) presented similar results. – Present Perfect: Since that time, several investigators have used this method. Use the past tense to describe the Method and Results Use the present tense to Discuss the results and to present the conclusions

Content Formatting Cont. Do not use contractions. Avoid the use of biased language: – Sexist, racist, ageist etc. language Use clear and concise language. Do not add additional spaces after a period.

Number Formatting Numbers zero through nine should be presented in word form (except in the abstract) Numbers 10 or greater, or numbers with decimals (e.g. 6.84) should be expressed as numerals Any number that begins a sentence should be written in word form Numbers that are followed by a unit of measurement or time should be expressed as numerals (e.g. 5 cups, 25 minutes)

Cover Page Include: – A running head – The title – The author’s name – The institution to which the report is presented – The relevant course number, title, and professor – The date

Running head: SAMPLE APA PAPER 1 A Sample Paper Demonstrating Proper APA Format by Student X A laboratory report presented to Dr. Lomore in Psychology 291 Research Methods Department of Psychology St. Francis Xavier University October 2, 2012 Header

Headings Level One Heading [Indent] Type your text here. Level Two Heading [Indent] Type your text here. [Indent] Level three heading. Type your text here. [Indent] Level four heading. Type your text here. [Indent] Level five heading. Type your text here. Notice Never leave a heading at the bottom of the page where the text begins on the next page

Academic Integrity Plagiarism: – The misrepresentation of another’s ideas, words, or other work as one’s own, plagiarism is a form of theft. Types of plagiarism may include: a) quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing text, even small portions of text, without proper acknowledgement; paraphrasing too closely; and, b) downloading from the Web or from a library or any other database all or part of a paper, a journal article, or a book, or downloading any other website material, excluding bibliography makers, and presenting it as one’s own work.

Cheating: – A more direct form of academic theft. Types of cheating may include: a.Buying, selling, or sharing papers or other assignments, or submitting them as one's own work b.Collaborating on assignments designated as individual c.Submitting to one instructor work completed for another d.Copying or using unauthorized aids during examinations e.Impersonating another or allowing oneself to be impersonated f.Illicitly obtaining, viewing, or sharing information about an assignment or an examination before it is administered

Citations Failure to cite properly is Plagiarism! Use APA format citations when writing about researchers or any idea that is not your own Avoid direct quotations where ever possible! – If you cannot avoid a quotation, you must include the page number in the citation and use quotation marks. Failure to do so is Plagiarism! Do not refer to research by using phrases such as “the article”, “the paper”, “the first article” or by the article’s title!

Types of Citations Citations may appear as a part of the sentence: – In their study, Jamison and Signorella (1980) had subjects … Ciations may be used to support a statement: – Several studies report that subjects who identify with masculine sex roles perform better in spatial tasks than those who identify with female sex roles (Jamison & Signorella, 1980; Nash, 1975; Signorella & Jamison, 1978, 1986; Vaught, 1965). If multiple citations are included for a single statement they appear in the same order as the reference page and are separated by semi-colon.

Multiple Authors in Citation Single Author – Every time: (Nash, 1975) Two Authors – Every time: (Jamison & Signorella, 1980) Three or five authors – First time: (Verbunt, Pernot, & Smeets, 2008) – Subsequent times: (Verbunt et al., 2008) Six or more authors – Every time: (Kosslyn et al., 1996)

Reference Page You must reference everything you cite and you must cite everything you reference Alphabetical order by first author’s last name – Do not change the order of authors! – If multiple entries by same author(s), order chronologically Each reference begins flush left. Any subsequent lines are indented 0.5 inches Each element of a reference is separated by a period Use “&” rather than “and”

SAMPLE APA PAPER 13 References American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Carlson, N.R., & Buskist, W. (1997). Psychology: The Science of Behavior (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Wheeler, D.S., & Miller, R.R. (2008). Determinants of cue interactions. Behavioural Processes, 78, doi: /j.beproc

Lab Assignment 1 Lab Assignment 1 Due October 1, 2012 By Noon