Endoscopy and Radiology for Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Hann-Chorng Kuo Department of Urology Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital
Lower Urinary Tract Urinary bladder Ureteral orifices Trigone Bladder neck Prostate and prostatic urethra Urethral sphincter Urethra (posterior, bulbous, anterior)
Bladder wall in Cystoscopy Smooth bladder wall Trabeculated bladder wall Diverticulum Pseudodiverticulum Bladder tumor External compression
Smooth Bladder Wall
Trabeculation of Bladder Wall
Bladder Tumor
Bladder mucosa Normal mucosa and vasculature Hyperemia Ischemia Hemorrhagic cystitis Cystitis cystica Pseudomembranous trigonitis Granulomatous cystitis
Normal Mucosal Vasculature
Hyperemia and Inflammation
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Cystitis Cystica
Pseudomembranous Trigonitis
Granulomatous Cystitis
Tuberculosis Cystitis
Prostatic enlargement Benign prostatic enlargement Prostatic cancer
Bladder Neck Obstruction
Urethral Stricture Bladder neck contracture Membranous urethral stricture Anterior urethral stricture Anterior urethral valve Meatal stenosis
Urethral Stricture
Ureteral Orifice Normal cone shape Horseshoe shape Stadium shape Golf hole shape Short submucosal ureteral tunnel
Ureteral Orifice
Chronic Inflammation of Female Bladder Neck
Female Urethral Incompetence Bladder neck incompetence Urethral incompetence
Interstitial Cystitis
Painful Bladder Syndrome
Bladder Stone
Bladder musculature
Uroradiology in Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Intravenous pyelography (IVP) Retrograde pyelography Cystography Voiding cystourethrography Retrograde urethrography Beaded chain cystourethrograph Magnetic resonance image (MRI)
Intravenous pyelography in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Inravenous Pyelography in High Grade Cystocele
Retrograde Pyelography in Ureteral stricture
Voiding Cystourethrography Bladder neck dysfunction Prostatic obstruction Urethral stricture Anterior urethral valve Vesicoureteral reflux Bladder diverticulum
Cystography on Straining
Urethral Incompetence
Bladder Base Indentation Prostate Enlargement
Voiding Cystourethrography Prostatic Obstruction
Voiding Cystourethrography in DESD and after Sphincterotomy
Voiding Cystourethrography Anterior urethral valve
Voiding Cystourethrography Dysfunctional voiding
Voiding Cystourethrography Urethral meatal stricture
Transrectal sonography Prostatic configuration Urethral stricture Bladder neck incompetence Bladder base hypermobility Intravesical pathology
Prostate Configuration Prostatic urethra Transition zone of prostate Seminal vesicle Ejaculatory duct Peripheral zone of prostate Bladder neck
Transrectal sonography of the Prostate, Seminal vesicle, Urethra
Prostatic Enlargement
Transition Zone Index (TZI) Transition zone vol/ total prostate vol A TZI of 0.5 indicates highly suspicious prostatic obstruction TZI correlates poorly with total prostatic volume
Measurement of TZI
Female Urethral Structure
Female Urethra in SUI
Hypermobility of Bladder Base
Beaded-Chain Cystourethrography
MRI of Cystocele
MRI of Large Cystocele & Enterocele
MRI of Rectocele
MRI of Uterine Prolapse