FYS - Drakepedia APA Style By Susan J. Breakenridge

APA Style - American Psychological Association Numerous citation style others include MLA and Chicago Avoid plagiarism - Provide source for every idea, creative work or fact through citations and reference page. Give enough information so the reader can find the source of information. Direct quotes, paraphrase, opinions, statistical data or figure you didn’t prepare, and any visual prepared by others.

APA Style Resources American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author

APA Format Font - 12 point Style - Times Roman Spacing - double Running header* with name & page number in all caps Indent each paragraph and NO extra lines between paragraphs. Reference page entries uses hanging indent format. Headings (* running header should be max 50 characters including punctuation & spaces) Example:

APA - Reference Page The references (with hanging indent) begin on the line following the References heading. Entries are organized alphabetically Most reference entries have three components: author, year of publication, and source of reference. All sources included in the References section must be cited in the body of the paper (and all sources cited in the paper must be included in the References section).

APA - Reference Page Con’t. Author, A. A. (copyright year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx(x), pp-pp. Author, A. A. (copyright year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx Author, A. A. (copyright year). Title of artilce. Title of Periodcal, xx, xxx-xxx. Retrieved month day, year from source. Author, A. A. (copyright year). Title of artilce. [Electronic version]. Title of Periodcal, xx, xxx-xxx. Author, A. A. (copyright year). Title of book. City, ST: Publisher name.

Examples of a Reference Page Algozzine, B., Spooner, F, & Karvonen, M. (in press). How to prepare a research article in APA style. Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children. Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993). Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, Retrieved October 23, 2000, from PsycARTICLES database. Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), doi: / Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Examples of a Reference Page – Cont. McWilliam, R. A. (2000). Reporting qualitative studies. Journal of Early Intervention, 23, 77–80. Rosenberg, M. S., Bott, D., Majsterek, D., Chiang, B., Gartland, D., Wesson, C., Graham, S., Smith-Myles, B., Miller, M., Swanson, H. L., Bender, W., Rivera, D., & Wilson, R. (1993). Minimum standards for the description of participants in learning disabilities research. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26, 210–213. VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5,

APA - Parenthetical Citations Source material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the author(s) and date(s) of the sources and if a direct quote a page number. (Author, year, p.xx) The reader can obtain the full source citation from the list of references that follows the body of the paper.

APA - Parenthetical Citations – Cont. A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence. Example: Patients receiving prayer had "less congestive heart failure, required less diuretic and antibiotic therapy, had fewer episodes of pneumonia, had fewer cardiac arrests, and were less frequently intubated and ventilated" (Byrd, 1988, p. 829).

APA - Parenthetical Citations – Cont. Quotation of 40 or more words should appear (without quotation marks) apart from the surrounding text, in block format, with each line indented five spaces from the left margin. Example: According to Smith (2006) Time is very....sdkj sdlkf sldkf slkdfj sdfsk llsdfk ssss. Suddifoisdfn sdklsd sdf s s sdofinlkdf s dfoisdnf dsof asd alksdjf a;slkdfj askdkf sdlkfj sldkfj asldkfj sdkfhkjhdf s sdkfh skjhdf skdhfskjdfh sdfkjhsd f sdkjfhs kdjfh sdfsdkf jdjd. (p.87)

APA - Parenthetical Citations – Cont. Walker (2000) compared reaction times Don’t have to repeat author in ( ). If you use both author and year in sentence, then you don’t need a ( ). Within a paragraph, you don’t have to include the year in subsequence references.

APA - Parenthetical Citations – Cont. If reference doesn’t have an author, then the citation should include the first few words of the reference list entry (usually the title). …on free care (“Study Finds,” 1982). …the book College Bound Seniors (1979)

APA - Parenthetical Citations – Cont. For electronic sources that do not provide page numbers, use the paragraph number, if available, preceded by the paragraph symbol or the abbreviation para. If neither paragraph nor page numbers are visible, cite the heading and the number of the paragraph following it to direct the reader to the location of the material (see section 3.39). (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5) (Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1)

APA - Parenthetical Citations – Cont. Wirth and Mitchell (1994) found that although there was a reduction in insulin dosage over a period of two weeks in the treatment condition compared to the control condition, the difference was not statistically significant. Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels of physical and mental health (Gartner, Larson, & Allen, 1991; Koenig, 1990; Levin & Vanderpool, 1991; Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991).

APA - Parenthetical Citations – Cont. Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels of physical and mental health (Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991). Payne et al. (1991) showed that... B. F. Skinner (personal communication, February 12, 1978) claimed...

APA - Graphics & Figures Place tables/figures close to where they are first mentioned in your text, but do not split a table across pages. Label each table/figure beginning with the Table/Figure number followed by a description of the contents. Figure 1 Citation Styles Table 1 Graduation Rates for Snobby University

APA - Appendix Appendixes allow you to include detailed information in your paper that would be distracting in the main body of the paper. Each Appendix begins on a separate page. If there is only one appendix, Appendix is centered on the first line below the manuscript page header. If there is more than one appendix, use Appendix A (or B or C, etc.). Double-space and type the appendix title (centered in uppercase and lowercase letters).

Closing Points Plenty of resources to check format Don’t forget about content, grammar, and writing style. Logical flow