Rhetoric and Logic: a review

We already know: rhetorical arguments claim purpose Rhetoric is the proper, and classic, form of persuasio n.

We already know: Rhetoric unfolds through appeals. – The Rhetorical Triangle refers to the 3 basic, essential appeals. Every argument, ever, (for eva’ eva’? Yes, fo’ eva’ eva’), uses at least one of these appeals.

The Rhetorical Triangle Ethos LogosPathos Bermuda Triangle

We already know: ETHOS EEEEEthority, EEEthics, EEEEExperience PATHOS PAAAAssion, Pity Party, Pathetic music LOGOS Logic, learning

Rhetorical Appeals Ethos: Voice Reputation Precision Pathos: Language Anecdote Bias Logos: Inductive/Deductive Cause/Effect Syllogisms Evidence

ETHOS Writer’s reputation: writer builds the idea that he should be trusted and respected Intellectual vocabulary Precision: The piece is carefully edited and formatted. Writer’s concern: writer cares about the audience Subtle concern: the writer’s care is subtle—the audience decides he cares. No pathos yet.

PATHOS LANGUAGE: sensory details, description, connotative language, figurative language tone rapport (not the same as authority) Anecdotes believability

LOGOS EVIDENCE: Testimony, common beliefs, research, precedents syllogisms Cause and effect statements Inductive and Deductive Logic IMPORTANT NOTE: A testimony is NOT the same thing as an anecdote.

Logical argument assumed from 2 statements. – All humans are mortal. – Socrates is human. – Therefore, Socrates is mortal. Because they form logic from something familiar, they are an effective. A syllogism is not a cause and effect statement, but it sounds like one. Still trying to understand: Syllogism

A logical statement with an implied premise "Socrates is mortal because he's human.” Don’t worry about this yet: Enthymeme