The approximate latitude of Utica, New York, is… (2) 43°05' S (4) 75°15' W (1) 43°05' N

Which New York State Landscape Region is located at approximately 43o10’ N & 78oW? 1) Taconic Mountains 2) Manhattan Prong 3) Erie-Ontario Lowlands 4) Allegheny Plateau

Where does longitude come from? Earth constantly rotates, Let’s calculate its rate… The sun only faces one side of the Earth. It CANNOT be 12 PM (noon) everywhere… Longitudes are based upon time!

West is earlier (AM), and east is later (PM)! 15o / hr ! Earlier (not yet noon) Later (past noon) If it is 12 PM (noon) at 0o, what time is it at 180o on the other side of the Earth? 12 PM (Noon) 12 AM (Midnight)!

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12 PM

1) 0 hours 2) 3 hours 3) 5 hours 4) 7 hours The map of the world above indicates Longitudes and three important reference Latitude lines for the planet Earth. What is the time difference between two locations on this map that are separated by 75o of Latitude? 1) 0 hours 2) 3 hours 3) 5 hours 4) 7 hours What is the time difference between two locations on this map that are separated by 75o of Longitude? 1) 0 hours 2) 3 hours 3) 5 hours 4) 7 hours

PT MT CT EST

The world map above marks location A, in Angola. If it is 3 PM there, what time is it by the star in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 1) 11 AM 3) 7 PM 2) 12 PM (noon) 4) 6 PM

Where does the sun rise & set? As Earth rotates (from West to East), the sun APPEARS to move through the sky from East to West! West East Where does the sun rise & set?

In fact, everything APPEARS to move through the sky from East to West in circular paths!

Well… POLARIS (The North Star) not everything.

SPACE

AAAAAAAAAAAAaaaaaahhhhhhhhhh…

Polaris is ALWAYS over the North pole, making it a useful reference north of the equator. To find it, it is best to use Ursa Major (the “Big Dipper”) as your guide.

To find latitude north of the Equator we DO NOT need to look inside the Earth! The height of Polaris in the sky is equal to your latitude north of the Equator!

The diagram shows an observer on Earth viewing the star Polaris. What is this observer’s latitude? (1) 38° N (3) 52° N (2) 38° S (4) 52° S

Polaris also appears to be at 0o angle to a person at the Equator (0o latitude)! Polaris is at a 90o angle above the North Pole. BY COINCIDENCE, the North pole is at 90o North latitude!

The altitude of Polaris = latitude North of Equator! Polaris is at 90o Angle North Pole = 90o N Polaris is at 0o Angle Equator = 0o latitude Polaris is at 30o Angle New Orleans = 30o N

From which New York State location would Polaris be observed to have an altitude closest to 43° above the northern horizon? (1) Binghamton (3) Watertown (4) New York City (2) Utica

The diagram below shows an observer on Earth measuring the altitude of Polaris. What is the latitude of this observer? 90° N (3) 43° N (2) 66.5° N (4) 23.5° N

At which New York State location will an observer most likely measure the altitude of Polaris as approximately 42°? (1) Jamestown (3) Oswego (2) Plattsburgh (4) New York City

If I am at White Plains, NY (410 N latitude) and I walk to the North, Polaris will appear to 1) Get higher in the sky 2) Get lower in the sky 3) Move to the East 4) Approach the Prime Meridian

Repaso

The altitude of Polaris = latitude North of Equator!

Apparent Motion (15o/hr) Where is Polaris?

Which diagram best represents the view of Polaris to an observer located at the Earth’s Equator?

If I am at White Plains, NY (410 N latitude) and I walk to the North, Polaris will appear to 1) Get higher in the sky 2) Get lower in the sky 3) Move to the East 4) Approach the Prime Meridian

N D C B A Person Angle To Polaris Latitude A B C D

Clock, hours, degrees, minutes…GET IT! Longitude COULD NOT BE DETERMINED at sea (“dead reckoning”). NO GOOD IF YOU WANT TO RULE THE WORLD!!! (£20,000 prize in 1720) Most important invention was an accurate portable clock (1759). Check time on boat and compare it to time back in London. Clock, hours, degrees, minutes…GET IT!