Risk is the Chance of Injury, Damage, or Loss Topic 1 Lesson 1 Risk Risk is the Chance of Injury, Damage, or Loss Injury, Damage, or Loss Usually Are the Consequences of a Crash Every driver accepts a certain level of risk when driving a vehicle. A driver must manage risk in order to avoid conflict. T – 4.1

Risk Assessment Elements of Risk are: Topic 1 Lesson 1 Risk Assessment Elements of Risk are: Risk Assessment Risk Acceptance Risk Compensation Unfortunately, drivers often create high risk situations. T – 4.2

Risk Risk Assessment Involves: Recognizing increased risk situations Topic 1 Lesson 1 Risk Risk Assessment Involves: Recognizing increased risk situations -Speeding -Following Too Closely -Failure to Yield -Improper Turns -DUI -Lack of Safety belt use Understanding the consequences of increased risk situations Considering your options and the consequences of your choices T – 4.3

Risk Risk Acceptance: Knowledge can help you reduce risk! Topic 1 Lesson 1 Risk Risk Acceptance: There is always a certain amount of risk involved in the driving task. How much risk is acceptable? Evaluate Consequences of Taking Risks (Penalty, Damage, Injury or Death) Knowledge can help you reduce risk! Having good seeing habits and your ability to manage space on the roadway are essential ingredients for low-risk driving. To minimize risk, drivers need time, space & visibility to execute a maneuver. T – 4.4

Risk Assessment Topic 1 Lesson 1 Risk Compensation -- Recognizing potential risk or limitations and making appropriate adjustments Example taken from Module 3 Topic 3 Lesson 1 --- RECOGNIZING high risk situations. Adjust Speed to Reduce Risk Adjust Lane Position to Reduce Risk Use Appropriate Communication to Reduce Risk T – 4.5

Three principles for reducing risks Reduced Risk Driving Topic 1 Lesson 1 Three principles for reducing risks Never risk more than you can afford to lose Do not risk large consequences for a small reward Consider the odds and your situation T – 4.5a

Reducing Driving Risk Topic 1 Lesson 2 Good decision-making is essential to reducing driving risks. A driver in city traffic makes 50-60 decisions per mile. Your hands and feet can only do what your brain tells them to do. Developing good procedures for decision making: Observation skills Experiences Developing good habits T – 4.6

Reducing Driving Risk Topic 1 Lesson 2 Work towards developing the best risk- reducing procedures and safe-driving habits. Habits are difficult to change. A space management system helps you to develop good driving habits. T – 4.7

Topic 1 Lesson 2 Reducing Driving Risk Guided practice is key to developing sound habits and judgments Get extensive practice on all basic driving procedures Use a space management and targeting system Good habits and judgment often deteriorate over time Complacency Most novice drivers rate themselves as “good” drivers There may be no negative results from negative behavior T – 4.8

PREVENTION Risk Reduction Goals Topic 1 Lesson 2 Risk Reduction Goals Make every driving sequence an efficient driving sequence. Use processing skills to make accurate judgments. Develop sound procedures for all maneuvers. PREVENTION T – 4.10

Aggressive Driving/Road Rage Most Crashes are NOT Accidents Topic 6 Lesson 1 Aggressive Driving/Road Rage Most Crashes are NOT Accidents They are often the result of drivers who speed; tailgate; run red lights; weave in and out of traffic; or vent frustrations or emotions in the vehicle. T – 7.29

Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/Road Rage Topic 6 Lesson 1 Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/Road Rage More Cars More Traffic Congestion More Frustration More Stress More Hostility More Violence T – 7.29a

Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/Road Rage Topic 6 Lesson 1 Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/Road Rage Did you know? In the past 30 years in the US: population has increased 30% number of licensed vehicles has increased 87% vehicle miles traveled increased 130% highway capacity has only increased 5% T – 7.29b

Self-Imposed Anxieties Topic 6 Lesson 1 Factors Leading to Aggressive Driving/ Road Rage Self-Imposed Anxieties “I’m going to be late if I don’t hurry up.” “Why are these cars going so slowly?” “We’ll never make it.” “If only I had gone a little faster, I would’ve made it.” “Oh no! Red light!” T – 7.29c

Three Types of Aggressive Drivers Topic 6 Lesson 1 Quiet Road-Rage: Verbal Road-Rage: Epic Road-Rage: yelling cussing staring honking insulting cutting off blocking chasing fighting shooting complaining rushing competing resisting AAAAAGHH!!! YOU’RE TOO SLOW~MOVE!!! What’s the hold up!!! Come on, HURRY UP LET’S GO!!! T – 7.30

Signs of an Aggressive Driver Topic 6 Lesson 1 Tailgating to pressure a driver to go faster or get out of the way Flashing lights to signal the driver to move out of the way Weaving in and out of traffic Cutting people off Racing to beat a yellow light T – 7.31

Signs of an Aggressive Driver Topic 6 Lesson 1 Signs of an Aggressive Driver Behaving impatiently with slower drivers Honking the horn or screaming Speeding Not coming to a complete stop at stop signs Making gestures Passing on shoulder or unpaved areas T – 7.32

Do You Drive Aggressively? Topic 6 Lesson 1 The “Rush In” Area Is constant rushing and lane jumping your style? Do you believe OTHERS are just in your way? Do you ignore road signs and regulations, believing they’re for other drivers? T – 7.34

Do You Drive Aggressively? Topic 6 Lesson 1 Do You Drive Aggressively? In “Total Aggression” Constantly ridiculing and criticizing other drivers to self or passengers Closing gap to deny entry into your lane Giving the “look” to show your disapproval Speeding past another car or revving engine HURRY UP LET’S GO, MOVE IT!!! T – 7.35

Do You Drive Aggressively? Topic 6 Lesson 1 Do You Drive Aggressively? In “Total Aggression” Prevent others from passing you Tailgating to pressure a driver to go faster or get out of your way Fantasizing physical violence Honking, yelling through the window Making visible insulting gestures What are you, an IDIOT?! T – 7.36

Do You Drive Aggressively? Topic 6 Lesson 1 Do You Drive Aggressively? In The “Violence” Area Carrying a weapon just in case… Deliberately bumping or ramming Trying to run a car off the road to punish Getting out of the car, beating or battering someone Trying to run someone down Thoughts of killing someone Shooting at another car T – 7.37

Road Rage Preventing Road Rage Topic 6 Lesson 1 Preventing Road Rage Road Rage A Societal Condition Where Motorists Become Violent in Reaction to Traffic Disturbances or Driver Behavior T – 7.38

If Confronted by an Aggressive Driver Preventing Road Rage Topic 6 Lesson 1 If Confronted by an Aggressive Driver Avoid horn use Don’t block the passing lane Don’t tailgate Keep music at a reasonable level Avoid eye contact Try to get out of the way Put your pride in the back seat Ignore gestures and refuse to return them T – 7.39

Topic 6 Lesson 1 Preventing Road Rage Don’t Respond -- Stay COOL. Don’t react to other drivers’ aggressive actions. Don’t Engage -- Stay away from vehicles driving recklessly. Don’t Up the Ante -- Don’t take traffic problems personally. Swallow Your Pride -- Take a courteous and helpful attitude toward other drivers. Choose the Road “LESS Traveled” -- Avoid aggressive drivers by traveling less congested roadways. T – 7.40

Preventing Road Rage Topic 6 Lesson 2 Making Errors -- Expect other drivers to make mistakes. Responding to Errors -- Assume other drivers’ mistakes are not personal and be polite and courteous even if the other driver is not. Controlling Emotions -- Smiles and courtesy can minimize feelings of hostility. Response to problems -- Tell yourself to take a few deep breaths and say: “I won’t let this get to me.” T – 7.41

DRIVING IS A COOPERATIVE VENTURE: NOT A COMPETITIVE SPORT! Topic 6 Lesson 2 Useful Attitudes DRIVING IS A COOPERATIVE VENTURE: NOT A COMPETITIVE SPORT! T – 7.41a

Preventing Road Rage Topic 6 Lesson 2 How will you respond? T – 7.42

Remember that you cannot control traffic, only your reaction to it! Topic 6 Lesson 2 Positive Attitudes Remember that you cannot control traffic, only your reaction to it! T – 7.43