This Brief is UNCLASIFIED Developments in Mining MINWARA Spring Conference, May 2011 In this photo: qualifying Quickstrike Mk 62 and Mk 63 on F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet, March 2011 GOOD MORNING … THANK YOU TO THE MINE WARFARE ASSOCIATION FOR THE INVITATION TO SPEAK TO YOU TODAY… (PICTURE) EXTENDING MY MILITARY CAREER INTO WORK HERE AT NSWC PCD HAS ALLOWED ME TO GAIN SOME PERSPECTIVE ON THE CYCLIC AND OFTEN FRUSTRATING REALITY OF OUR MINING PROGRAM OVER THE PAST 40 YEARS (WELL ILLUSTRATED BY THE NEXT SLIDE) CDR Ron Swart, USN Ret Mining Systems NSWC-PCD A10S PMS-495 This Brief is UNCLASIFIED

Overview A Vision Current Picture Current Efforts The Road Ahead THIS MORNING, I WILL PROVIDE A HIGH-LEVEL OVERVIEW OF WHERE WE ARE TODAY, WHERE WE WANT TO GO AND WHAT WE ARE WORKING ON. GEN HANIFEN HAS OUTLINED A STRATIGIC VISION FOR FUTURE CAPABILITIES THAT MUST START WITH DOING THE MOST WE CAN WITH THE SYSTEMS WE HAVE TODAY. OUR CONSTRAINED BUDGET IS DRIVING US TO EXAMINE THE CHALLENGES WE FACE IN NEW WAYS. AFTER YEARS OF LOW FUNDING AND EVEN LOWER INTEREST, MINES AND MINING HAVE GAINED RENEWED INTEREST AS A WARFARE CAPABILITY. AND, THERE IS STRONG INTEREST IN ADVANCING TECHNOLOGIES THAT OVERCOME TRADITIONAL DRAWBACKS AND LIMITATIONS.

Expendable Target Detection Devices Vision for A2/AD - AUWS Long-range Weapons Unmanned Vehicles © 2010 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments IT IS IMPORTANT TO BEGIN WITH THE END IN MIND. WHILE THE BASIC MISSION OF NAVAL MINING REMAINS AT THE CORE (SUCH AS ANTI-ACCESS, AREA DENIAL, BLOCKAID, FORCE MULTIPLICATION), THE MATURATION OF ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES IN REMOTE COMMAND AND CONTROL, CLANDESTINE PLACEMENT AND EXTRACTION, TARGET DISCRIMINATION, WIDE AREA WEAPON COVERAGE… EXPAND THE BASIC MINING MISSION BEYOND TRADITIONAL APPLICATIONS AND WE START TO BUMP INTO TRADITIONAL ASW AND SUW SWIMLANES. THIS HAS CREATED SOME TENSION, BUT IS STARTING TO GAIN RECOGNITION FOR THE UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE THAT THE MINING BRINGS TO THE FIGHT. THIS DIALOG IS BEGINNING TO EXAMINE A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO USE MINES IN SUPPORT OF ASW AND SUW ROLES, TO EXPAND AND EXTEND OUR REACH INTO CONTESTED LITTORAL REGIONS WHERE OUR PLATFORM-BASED OPERATIONS ARE RISKY AND DIFFICULT. OUR FUTURE LOOKS TO ADVANCES IN MOBILITY, DISTRIBUTED SENSORS AND COMMUNICATION PATHS TO CREATE THE REQUIRED EFFECTS. WE SEE AN ADVANCED UNDERSEA WEAPON SYSTEM AS AN “ON-DEMAND MARITIME SENSOR AND WEAPON BARRIER” WITH THE FLEXIBILITY TO PROVIDE STRATIGIC, OPERATIONAL AND EVEN TACTICAL CONVENTIONAL DETERRENCE. Expendable Target Detection Devices Encapsulated Weapons “Advanced, smart mobile mines … appears particularly attractive, given … the difficulty and time-consuming nature of countermine operations” …ASB Concept

AUWS in All Operational Phases Determine: Mission Objectives Environment Delivery Platform UV Payload Configuration Clandestinely Position Weapons (unarmed) Option to disclose capability (command detonation) Evaluate & Re- Seed as needed Phase 0 Shape Phase 1 Deter Phase 2 Seize Phase 3 Dominate Phase 4 Stabilize Plan WE ENVISION A SCALABLE SYSTEM THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE ACROSS ALL PHASES FROM AN ALERT PEACE TO HOSTILITIES WITH THE ABILITY TO EXTRACT AT ANY TIME UPON COMMAND Clandestinely Deliver Expendable Sensors Collect Target Data Report Contacts Remotely Arm the Weapons Enable Autonomous Engagements Report Weapons Status and Battle Damage Extract Un- Expended Weapons Verify Area is Clear

Value of AUWS Traditional Mining Transformational AUWS 6 (strategic, autonomous) Transformational AUWS (tactical, controlled) Quickstrike SLMM (through FY12) LD-UUV w/ CRAWs UAV, USV, UUV, UGV SHALLOW INTERMEDIATE DEEP SHALLOW INTERMEDIATE DEEP YOU MAY REMEMBER THIS SLIDE FROM GEN HANIFEN’S BRIEF TUESDAY… HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF HOW AUWS WILL DIFFER FROM OUR CURRENT MINE STOCKPILE BY OVERCOMING CHALLENGES IN DELIVERY, MOBILITY, COMMAND, CONTROL & COMMUNICATIONS, THAT OFFER OPERATIONAL AND TACTICAL FLEXIBILITY. CURRENT MINES REQUIRE YOU TO MAKE ALL THE DECISIONS UP FRONT AND THEN YOU LIVE WITH THEM AND HOPE YOU GUESSED RIGHT. COMMUNICATIONS ALLOW YOU OPPORTUNITIES TO MAKE DETERMINATIONS AT VARIOUS TIMES ALONG THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE BARRIER OR FIELD. Distributed Sensors 400 Traditional Mines 1 Transformational Mine DECIDE Sterilize/ Destruct Decide Deliver Arm / Engage Clear Destruct/ DisArm Decide Deliver Arm Engage Extract Days Days - Months Months Days Hours Minutes+ Minutes+ Minutes+ Hours 6 6

Autonomy vs. Control Remotely Controlled Autonomous Operator to tactically decide Level of Autonomy based on desired utility Probability of Discriminating Target Latency Comms Link Human in Loop Mission Changes Control Auto Tactical Control Probability of Defeating Target ONCE, SET, MINES HAVE BEEN OPERATING ATONOMY FOR THE MOST PART SINCE THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR… MUCH TO THE DISCOMFORT OF THE MILITARY AND CIVILIANS ALIKE. AS TECHNOLOGY HAS IMPROVED, MINES HAVE BECOME MUCH BETTER AT AUTONOMOUS DETECTION AND ENGAGEMENT. THIS ALLOWS THE MINEFIELD TO BE VERY TIMELY AND RESPONSIVE TO TRANSITORS, BUT SOMETIMES YOU NEED POSITIVE CONTROL. WHILE MAN-IN-THE-LOOP OFTEN INTRODUCES RESPONSE LATENCY, POSITIVE CONTROL HAS MANY BENEFITS, ESPECIALLY WHERE YOU HAVE AN EVOLVING SITUATION. WE FEEL THAT ADVANCED SYSTEMS NEED TO BE ABLE TO OPERATE IN BOTH MODES. Autonomous Autonomy Responsive Detect-to-engage Autonomy improves Performance; Control improves Utility DISTRO F: For Official Use Only

QUICKSTRIKE “Family” of Mines - Today - Air-laid – bottom influence MK 62 2016 MK 63 2016 MK 65 OUR CURRENT STOCKPILE CONSISTS OF THE QUICKSTRIKE FAMILY OF MINES… AIR LAID BOTTOM MINE, (EXPLODE-IN-PLACE) WITH MULTIPLE SENSING INFLUENCES . DELIVERY COULD BE DIFFICULT IN TERMS OF RISK TO THE PLATFORM AND SORTIE REQUIREMENTS. 2009

Submarine Launched Mobile Mine Mk 67 Deployed 1985 Clandestine capable Sub laid - SSN 688 Class (20) Bottom Mine Influence: Magnetic/Seismic Based on MK 37 Torpedo developmental testing 1955 Complex mechanism/outdated technology Warhead 515 Lb (PBXN-103) DEMIL Start FY10 end FY12 OUR ONLY CLANDESTINE STAND-OFF MINE WILL EXIT SERVICE BEFORE THE END OF 2012. WHILE WE HAVE OFFERED SEVERAL NEAR-TERM UPGRADES THAT COULD PROVIDE A CONTINGENCY CAPABILITY UNTIL A LONG-TERM REPLACEMENT IS FIELDED, NONE HAVE BEEN FUNDED. SO, WHAT’S COOKING?

QS MINE MK 65 MOD 0 UTB CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS NEAR TERM ASW STRIKE CONTINGENCY NOW IN DEVELOPMENT

Operational View - RC2 Mobile Gateway R&I pattern REMOTE CONTROL OF OUR MINES USING A UUV AS THE MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS PATH – JUNE 2011 FLEX DEMO

Air Standoff Options Aerial Stand-off Range Extension Several Commercial Wing Kits Increased Glide Ratio Multiple Systems in Development IN THE NEAR TERM WE CAN LESSEN THE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH AERIAL DELIVERY WITH STAND-OFF SYSTEMS THAT KEEP OUR AIRCRAFT OUT OF THE LETHAL FIRE ENVELOPE… SEVERAL INDUSTRY OPTIONS ARE NEARING MATURITY

LDUUV Options Use existing systems to provide a rapid response, demonstration test bed for LDUUV development What is it? Long Duration Large Diameter Littoral UUV is adaptation of existing MK 8 Mod 1 SDV design. Why L2D2 ? Realistically doable, reasonable cost, needed, contingency capability for Naval and Joint Forces. 1 year from design to in-water demo; significant potential for mission capability SDV Mk8 Mod1: Fielded, Supported, & Cost Effective Reliable Ample Room for Payloads Provides configurable test bed for payload concept experimentation and integration THIS IS A PROPOSAL TO ADAPT THE EXISTING MK 8 MOD 1 TO A TEST BED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MISSION PACKAGES AND COMPONENTS THAT WILL BE NEEDED FOR FUTURE LARGE DIAMETER UNMANNED UNDERSEA SYSTEMS, INCLUDING AUWS CONCEPTS LIKE DISTRIBUTED SENSOR AND WEAPON LOADS

LD-UUV AUWS Payload Options Sensor Module FY10 Concept REMUS “data mule” Stationary Mine HERE ARE SEVERAL AUWS MISSION PACKAGES BEING CONSIDERED. UNTIL THE REQUIRED ENERGY-DENSITY AND DURATION IS AVAILABLE, A DIESEL ENGINE COULD PROVIDE THE PROPULSION OVER LONG DISTANCES UNTIL A STEALTHY ACOUSTIC SIGNATURE BECOMES NECESSARY. Mobile Mine Sensor Stationary Mine ArcherFish Neutralizer

Weapon Options MK 48 21” Dia SLMM 19” Dia Mk 54 12” Dia REMUS 7” Dia THE WEAPON LOAD WITH EXCELLENT MILITARY UTILITY IS ONE WITH AN EXTENDED STAND-OFF RANGE = TORPEDO OR OTHER MOBILE WARHEAD CONCEPTS. WIDE AREA COVERAGE DECREASES THE NUMBERS OF ENGAGEMENT SYSTEMS THAT NEED TO BE EMPLACED THEREBY MINIMIZING THE IMPACT FOR DELIVERY PLATFORM CAPACITY. FOR EXAMPLE, A 4-PACK OF THE 6” COMPACT RAPID ATTACK TORPEDO COULD BE FIRED IN VOLLEY OR ONE-AT A TIME TO SUSTAIN THE STRENGTH OF THE BARRIER. REMUS 7” Dia CRAW 6” Dia ArcherFish 4” Dia

Sensor Options ONR PLUS INP SOF SENSOR DEVELOPMENT AND REFINEMENT OF EVERY TYPE IS GOING ON AT EVERY WARFARE CENTER. THESE ARE ONLY A VERY FEW EXAMPLES. STATIONARY MINES CLOSELY MATCH THEIR SENSORS TO THE EXPLOSIVE EFFECTS OF THE MINE, BUT WIDE-AREA ENGAGEMENT WEAPONS CAN LEVERAGE A WIDE VARIETY DISTRIBUTED SENSORS, INCLUDING, PERHAPS THOSE PLACED IN PRE-HOSTILITY PHASES. SOF

Communications Gateway Options COMMAND AND CONTROL OF OUR MINEFIELDS AND FUTURE ADVANCED SENSORS AND WEAPONS IS A KEY MILITARY AND POLITICAL ATTRIBUTE. LIKE SENSORS, THERE IS A LOT OF WORK GOING ON IN THIS AREA. WE HAVE WORKED CLOSELY WITH INDUSTRY AND SPAWAR ON DEMONSTRATING ACOUSTIC COMMS LINKS THAT ARE PERSISTANT AND RELIABLE.

Current Studies and Analysis GAMET Modeling Tool– NSWC PCD N00X – Asymmetric ASW Study (Deep Water Mining) OPNAV N87 Coastal Attack call for Proposals Asymmetric Payload call for concepts JCTD - OSD/SPECWAR: Maritime Predator ONR - FY-14 T&E Requirements Mine Analysis of Alternatives - OPNAV Mining Deep Dive - DoD RDA Task Force Everybody’s talking 4/15/2017

Summary Lets extend our dominance into their littoral OPAREA Integrate the mine mission into the ASW and SUW construct for a true USW capability at the right place, and the right time Let’s keep them up at night worrying about our mines. Let me leave you with these thoughts…