Neutrino Factories and Muon Colliders Leo Jenner

Wed 12th Mar2 Overview Physics motivation Physics motivation Size and layout Size and layout Neutrino factory -> Muon Collider Neutrino factory -> Muon Collider Collaboration Collaboration UK effort UK effort Opportunities Opportunities ISS CDR: AcceleratorWG-final.pdf ISS CDR: AcceleratorWG-final.pdf

Wed 12th Mar3 ‘Why does the universe exist?’ Only exotic theories incorporate a big bang with unequal particles, anti-particles and photons at beginning of universe Only exotic theories incorporate a big bang with unequal particles, anti-particles and photons at beginning of universe Today nB/nγ ≈ 6x Today nB/nγ ≈ 6x Muchannihilation in early universe, but not perfect Much annihilation in early universe, but not perfect CP-violation provides a possible solution: observed CP- violation in quark sector only makes one galaxy… CP-violation provides a possible solution: observed CP- violation in quark sector only makes one galaxy… CP-violation of heavy Majorana neutrinos could provide the answer CP-violation of heavy Majorana neutrinos could provide the answer Recent discoveries have caused excitement: oscillations mean mass Recent discoveries have caused excitement: oscillations mean mass Study of neutrinos can give information about extremely high energies via the See-saw mechanism Study of neutrinos can give information about extremely high energies via the See-saw mechanism nν/nγ ≈ 1/3 nν/nγ ≈ 1/3

Wed 12th Mar4 73km ILC CLIC or RAL? VLHC How big would a neutrino factory / muon collider be?

Wed 12th Mar5 Muon beams make neutrino beams m μ /m e = 207 beamstrahlung, bremstrahlung, initial state radiation considerably lower low energy spread: dp/p=0.003% which gives scanning precision (A 0, H 0 ) But muon lifetime: 2.2 microseconds rapid acceleration and cooling required 4 MW 10 GeV proton beam gives required 10^21 muons / year

Wed 12th Mar6 FETS RFQ Beam FETS chopper Fast chopping section Slow chopper and beam dump Gran Sasso, Soudan Mine, Boulby, Homestake, Kamioka... RF cavities create bunching in the beam Bunch rotator reduces energy spread by rotating bunch in longitudinal phase space Ionisation Cooling: Liquid H 2 absorber, see MICE FFAG II (8-20GeV)

Wed 12th Mar7  Low energy muon physics  Neutrino Physics  Energy frontier collider (1.5 – 4 TeV)

Wed 12th Mar8 Argonne BNL Budker CERN Columbia Cornell DL DESY Fermilab IIT Imperial INFN Indiana JINR Jlab Karlsruhe KEK Lancaster LBNL Michigan State Mississippi Northern Illinois Oak Ridge Osaka Oxford Pohang Princeton RAL Tel Aviv Triumf UC-Berkeley UC-Los Angeles UC-Riverside University of Chicago Brunel A. Khan, P. Kyberd, J.J. Nebrensky CCLRC Daresbury A. Moss, M. Poole Glasgow F. J. P. Soler, K. Walaron Lancaster & Cockcroft Accelerator Centre R. Seviour, M. Stables Liverpool P. Cooke, R. Gamet Imperial College London G. Barber, R. Beuselinck, P. Dornan, R. Flack, A. Jamdagni, K. Long, T. Matsushita, D. R. Price, C. Rogers, J. Sedgbeer, M. Takahashi Oxford & John Adams Institute M. Apollonio, J. H. Cobb, P. Lau, W. Lau, S. Yang CCLRC RAL D.E. Baynham, T.W. Bradshaw, M. Courthold, P. Drumm, R. Edgecock, M. Hills, Y. Ivanyushenkov, A. Jones, W.J. Murray, C. Nelson, J.H. Rochford, K. Tilley, K. Walaron Sheffield C. N. Booth, P. Hodgson, L. Howlett, R. Nicholson, P.J. Smith UK MICE Collaboration

Wed 12th Mar9 UK involvement / Synergies Proton driver front end test stand Proton driver front end test stand –beam chopping, RFQ –Ifmif, subcritical reactors, ISIS Solid target R&D Solid target R&D –1MW 2000°C thermal shocks MICE MICE –ε ┴ ~ 7 mm, 1000X more in each transverse dimension, » 10X in longitudinal for muon collider EMMA EMMA –FFAGs, medical applications

Wed 12th Mar10 MICE in 200 MeV muon beam at RAL Design, build, commission & operate realistic section of cooling channel SciFi tracker already has Liverpool engineering effort Measure performance in variety of operating modes & beam conditions Results will inform the NF CDR Engineering is challenging

Wed 12th Mar11 MICE assembled in steps I & II characterise beam III control systematics IV demonstrate cooling V cooling + re-acceleration VI full lattice section PHASE I PHASE II Q4/07 Q2/08 Q1/09 Q3/09 Q1/10 Beam transport tuneable 140 – 240 MeV/c Lead diffuser  emittances of 2, 6, 10 (p) mm-rad Aim is 600 muons / 1 msec 1Hz through MICE Extensively studied with linear optics codes + GEANT4 simulations

Wed 12th Mar12 Test stand at Daresbury (under construction) to commission parts of RF amplifier system First MuCOOL 201 MHz cavity (LBL & JLAB) Successfully tested at Fermilab  16 MV/m after 5 days conditioning

Wed 12th Mar13 RF LAYOUT 2 MW Amplifier Master Oscillator Controls etc 201 MHz Cavity Module 2 MW Amplifier 201 MHz Cavity Module CERN 300 kW Amplifier HT Supplies Los Alamos HT Supplies ASTeC 2 MW Amplifier LBNL

Wed 12th Mar14 o Non-scaling FFAG o Many technical issues poorly understood o Prototype is best way forward o See Maxim’s talk o ( Joel, David ) EMMA

Wed 12th Mar15 Conclusions Science program appears to be favoured by STFC – medium/long term experiment Science program appears to be favoured by STFC – medium/long term experiment Small footprint – no new facility required Small footprint – no new facility required Much R&D taking place now – many challenges remaining Much R&D taking place now – many challenges remaining Good deal of UK involvement Good deal of UK involvement

Wed 12th Mar16 Science Case **** Science Case **** Technical Issues and Challenges **** Technical Issues and Challenges **** Scale of UK support **** Scale of UK support **** Involvement Opportunities **** Involvement Opportunities ****