ACMT Misc Tox Jeopardy IrritantsCancer- Causing Famous Disasters MetHb Formers Name Alert (sound similar)

-Potent herbicide & biocide -Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, perfumes, food suppls, & resins -WWI Lacrimator Acrolein

-Used to make plexiglass -Plastics, paper, dentistry, cosmetics, toys Acrylates

-Fumigant, solvent -Production of dye, lubricants, adhesives, drugs -Penetrates rubber -Sweet, chloroform odor has poor warning property Epichlorohydrin

-Fumigant (grain- banned, 1948) -Fire extinguishers -Lead scavenger in gasoline Ethylene dibromide (EDB)

Flu-like illness following exposure to heated vapors Polymer fume fever (similar to metal fume fever)

IARC Classification Group 1Carcinogenic to humans Group 2AProbably carcinogenic to humans Group 2B Possibly carcinogenic to humans Group 3 Not classifiable... to humans Group 4Probably not carcinogenic to humans

Agents Causing Liver Cancer Aflatoxins (mold) Anabolic steroids Arsenic= angiosarcoma Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)?? Vinyl chloride (PVC manufacturing)= angiosarcoma

Agents Causing Bladder Cancer Aniline P-Phenylenediamine (PPD) Aromatic Amines Benzidine,  -naphthylamine Arsenic Aristolochia (herb): uretheral CA

Agents Causing Leukemia/ Lymphoma Benzene Butadienes (2A): lymphohematopoetic P-Phenylenediamine (PPD) (also bladder CA)

Agents Causing Lung Cancer Asbestos (mesothelioma) Arsenic Cadmium Chromium Coal Tar Products (also brain, skin scrotal CA) Nickel Tobacco smoke: benzo(a)pyrene

Bhopal, India Union Carbide release of: Methylisocyanate (MIC)

Toxic Oil Syndrome Spain, 1982 Rapeseed oil denatured with aniline (pulmonary disease)

Jake Leg Paralysis Triorthocresyl phosphate: -Jamacian ginger contaminated by TOCP -delayed sensory-motor neuropathy Also: Morocco: OPIDN after TOCP adulterated cooking oil

Epping England, 1965 Flour + methylenedianiline Toxic hepatitis “Epping Jaundice”

Turkey, 1956 Wheat + hexachlorobenzene Porphyria cunea tarda

Used as: oxidizer, pesticide, explosives, bleaching paper Chlorates

Used to make explosives & dyes Dinitrobenzene also Dinitrotoluene

Dyes, solvent, emulsifier (skin creams/ latex) Sensitizer= contact dermatitis Sensitizer= occupational asthma Ethylenediamine

O-Phenylenediamine (OPD) vs P-Phenylenediamine (PPD) Similarities vs different toxicities? Similarities: both are used in dyes O-Phenylenediamine (OPD) -Severe urticaria/ dermatitis P-Phenylenediamine (PPD) -Bladder cancer

-Used to manufacture dyes and pharmaceuticals -Gasoline additive -Intermediate in synthesis of: wood preservatives wetting agents for textiles frothing agents for ore dressing special lacquers metal complexes Xylidine

Acrylamides vs Acrylates -Similarities -Differences Similarities: polymer production Irritants Differences: Acrylamide- axonopathy

Dimethylamine vs Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) vs Dimethylformamide Dimethylamine -Breaks down to HCl, phosgene -P. neuropathy Dimethylacetamide -Paint remover, solvent for plastics -Potent hepatotoxin Dimethylformamide -Universal solvent, penetrates plastics -Potent hepatotoxin -Disulfiram rxn

Dinitrobenzene vs Dinitrotoluene -Similarities -Differences Similarities: -Used in explosives -MetHb -Yellowing of skin/ hair/ eyes -Optic neuropathy Differences: DNB -Hepatic necrosis, aplastic anemia DNT -Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation

Ethylene dibromide vs Ethylenediamine Ethylene dibromide -Fumigant, fire extinguishers, lead scavenger in gas -Hepatotoxicity -Strong irritant -Animal carcinogen (hemangiosarcoma, nasal CA) Ethylenediamine -Solvent, dyes, emulsifier -Sensitizer: contact dermatitis, occup asthma -MetHb

Odorant in natural gas Mercaptans (Mercaptomethane)