S- Sustainability Resources: Budgeting and Cost

Agenda 1. Discuss readings- Brooks Chapters 6, 7 4Brainstorm sources of cost and income 2. Hands On Activity – Work as a team to Fill in Parameters for First Place Fund for Youth (p.96)

Once you have established Community Need developed a Logic Model and formed and Assessment Plan, the next question is, how you will pay for or SUSTAIN your program. Needs Assessment Cost Logic Model

Mobilizing Resources 1. Define the Capabilities Needed 2. Devise a Human Resource Outline to meet each capability need 3. Develop a resource plan 4. Put on the Numbers Brooks Ch 6 p 86

1. Define the Capabilities Needed Start by reflecting on the activities and who will do them.

Figure 6.1 The Capabilities – Resource Model

2. Devise a Human Resource Outline to meet each capability need

3. Develop a resource plan

Figure 6.2 Sources of income for American nonprofits* * Salamon 2002

Figure 6.3 Types of earned income for social enterprises

Table 6.3 The Product Profile Map Source: James & Young (2006) High mission impact Low mission impact Positive profitStarsCash cows Loss-makingSaintsDogs

Income sources 4 Three main sources of nonprofit revenue –Fee income, which is about half of the total –Donations, which are about one fifth –Government, which provides the balance 4 Different nonprofits rely on different types –Social welfare: 52% government, <1/3 earned –Health: less than 6% is donated –But arts groups are half funded by private giving –Religious institutions are not government funded 4 Figure 6.2 shows income sources for all nonprofits 4 Figure 6.3 shows social enterprise earned income types

Table 6.4 Revenues from membership dues for various nonprofit enterprises, 2003 Enterprise type Percentage of income from dues Labor organizations66.02% Social clubs59.61% Business leagues40.27% Public charities (all 501(c)(3)) 0.90% Source: Steinberg (2006)

Table 7.1 Source of donations to American nonprofits, 2005 Living individuals76.5% Foundations11.5% Bequests6.7% Corporations5.3%

Figure 7.1 Average annual contributions to various types of causes and charities among those making positive contributions, 2003

Raising funding is connected to being able to demonstrate effectiveness

Utilizing results includes for publicity and fund raising for non profits: reading-to-their-kids/MCwPYPKY20SPNrUHf1p0Pw.cspx reading-to-their-kids/MCwPYPKY20SPNrUHf1p0Pw.cspx

4. Put on the Numbers

Activity: p 96 First Place Fund for Youth Use the CLASS project planning tool to walk through the above 4 steps as a group for “First Place Fund for Youth”

Novel Approaches to Raise Money

Dan Pallota – 1 st 10 minutes To accompany Brooks Ch 8 Entrepreneurial Fundraising and Marketing

For Discussion: Dan Pallotta: The way we think about charity is dead wrong bfAzi6D5FpM

Inspirational Stories from Students For Final Project

street/video/d/video/jennifer- nadler-lemoyne-speaker-bridge- street-3271/ Soc Club Events on Video

Local grad to pedal cross country for area's homeless 4 Local-grad-to-pedal-cross-country-for- areas/d/story/UpgtCu_Jf0yzmb3zHuVUKQ Local-grad-to-pedal-cross-country-for- areas/d/story/UpgtCu_Jf0yzmb3zHuVUKQ

Father and daughter continue mission for special needs playground near Phoenix 4 bmyo bmyo

First list all of your assumptions in a sheet/tab called parameters

Crucial for Final Project 4 This exercise will help you complete the S portion of your final project 4 For your final project DO NOT just tweak your Imagination Library budget- it will likely lead to many mistakes. 4 Instead start from scratch and build a new smaller budget for your program just like we will practice today – Use the last 2 tabs of your Project Planning Tool in Excel

1.Daycare Budget than explore the full flexible spreadsheet - Use digital handout parameter sheet, run scenarios as a class

The Scenario: Use this to complete the Parameters

Cost Concepts Cost Output Variable Costs Semi-Variable Step Costs Fixed Costs 4 Key question: how does each change as the cost unit (or unit of activity your agency performs – visits miles, packages, clients) changes

Cost Concepts Cost Output Fixed Costs 4 Fixed costs do not change as units of activity (kids) change.

Sheet A-1,cell C 27 is the proportion of the monthly salary we are responsible for (remember we are only one of the 4 childcare sites see assumption 5 in parameters) A-1, C25 is _____ Administrator salary/month

Cost Definitions Fixed vs. Variable 4 Fixed Costs (do not vary with output): –Top administrators and resources they use. –Financial, legal and other services provided organization. 4 Variable costs (vary directly with output): –Consumables: materials, supplies, gas used in transportation –Printing/postage/communication –Part time personnel providing service directly –Legal, financial and other services tied directly to output –Equipment (and O&M) used directly in service provision 4 Semi-variable costs (fixed cost + variable cost per unit): –Phones, utility rates. 4 Step costs (vary in lump with output): –FT personnel –Facilities/utilities/equipment (and O&M) tied to personnel Source: Bretschneider

Cost Concepts Cost Output Variable Costs Variable Revenues 4 Variable costs are to fixed costs as electric bills are to monthly rent charges. 4 variable costs do change as units of activity (kids) change.

Sheet A-1 is a quick clue that it is a parameter. then look for cell C 20 (in sheet a-1) (it is “Food costs/day/child”) B6 is the number of children in the daycare (see previous slide) A-1, another parameter, C20 is “Work days/month”

Cost Concepts Cost Output Semi-variable Secretary paid by hours of work required, but may require standard benefits package such as health benefits. 4 Semi-variable costs do change as units of activity (kids) change but they start off with a fixed cost.

Not needed here but would be like… =flat cost + (# clients*($5.00))

Cost Concepts Cost Output Step Costs 4 change only when units of activity (kids) reach steps (i.e. by law need one staff member for every 5 kids)

Sheet A-1,cell C 20 is “Work days/month” B7 is the number of employees A-1, C 21 is Hours/day/emplo yee (i.e. 8 hours a day) A-1, C 24 is Hourly wage-- daycare worker (i.e. $6.50/hr)

Share literacy letter as an exemplary solicitation letter – example of where a liberal arts edu can help!

Estimating Personnel Costs 4  How do I assess the value of volunteers?  esearch/volunteer_time.html esearch/volunteer_time.html  Summary: The estimated dollar value of volunteer time is $19.51 per hour for 2007.

Cost Concepts Cost Output Variable Costs

Cost Concepts Cost Output Semi-variable Phone and utilities included in Rental

Cost Concepts Cost Output Step Costs