Space Race Exploring the solar system

NASA Founded in year after the Soviets launched Sputnik 1 1 year after the Soviets launched Sputnik 1 NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration Since NASA’s inception, there have been seven major manned space programs

Sputnik I In 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, the world’s first manmade artificial satellite. Weighing 184 pounds, it circled the earth every 90 minutes.

Sputnik II Later in 1957, Sputnik II was launched carrying Laika, a dog which became the first Earth creature to orbit the earth.

Speed Chuck Yeager was the first man to break the sound barrier in 1947 Mach I – 750 mph is the speed of sound Mach II 1500 mph In order to orbit Earth one must travel at least 17,500 mph To get away from Earth’s gravity one must travel 25,000 mph

Yuri Gagarin The Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space when he entered orbit in Russia's Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961, a day now celebrated as a holiday in Russia and in many other countries. cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin orbitVostok 1April cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin orbitVostok 1April

U.S. Manned Space Programs Mercury The first U.S. programs for human spaceflight 1 astronaut at a time Redstone and Atlas rockets Goal: Send 1 man into space and return safely.

Mercury Astronauts Alan Shepard – 1 st American in space (May 5 th 1961) Gus Grissom- 2 nd into space

John Glenn- 1 st American to orbit Earth Scott Carpenter- 4 th American in space

Wally Schirra- 5 th American in Space Gordon Cooper- last man to go into space alone

Deke Slayton- did not go (health reasons)

Gemini Program astronauts at a time Spacewalking Docked with another vehicle in space Titan rocket

Gemini Missions Gemini 3; Grissom, Young; March 23, 1965 (04:52:30) Gemini 4; McDivitt, White; June 3 - 7, 1965 (97:56:12) Gemini 5; Cooper, Conrad; Aug , 1965 (190:55:140) Gemini 7; Borman, Lovell;. Dec , 1965 (330:35:01) Gemini 6A; Schirra, Stafford; Dec , 1965 (25:51:24) Gemini 8; Armstrong, Scott; March 16, 1966 (10:41:26) Gemini 9A; Stafford, Cernan; June 3 - 6, 1966 (72:20:50) Gemini 10; Young, Collins; July , 1966 (70:46:39) Gemini 11; Conrad, Gordon; Sept , 1966 (71:17:08) Gemini 12; Lovell, Aldrin; Nov , 1966 (94:34:31) Gemini 8 Gemini 9A

Gemini 4 James McDivittEd White First Space Walk

Apollo Program st spaceflights to the moon 3 astronauts at a time Saturn V rocket -363 ft. tall

Apollo 1 – Fire during training killed all three crew members 1967 Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffe

Apollo 8 – 1 st men to see the backside of the moon 1968

Apollo 11- landed on the moon July 20, 1969 * Neil Armstrong- 1 st man on moon * Buzz Aldrin – 2 nd man on moon * Michael Collins – pilot

Apollo 11 Astronauts Apollo 11 Astronauts Neil Armstrong- 1 st man on moon Neil Armstrong- 1 st man on moon * Buzz Aldrin – 2 nd man on moon * Michael Collins – pilot

Earth Rise

Apollo 13 Astronauts James A. Lovell Fred Wallace Haise, Jr. John L. Swigert, Jr Apollo 13 – accident on the way to moon 1970

Apollo 17- last mission to the moon 1972 Harrison SchmittEugene A. CernanRonald E. Evans

Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt standing next to boulder at Taurus-Littrow during third EVA

One of three Saturn rockets remaining from the Apollo program was kept flight ready. Its third stage was modified into the Skylab space station by converting the fuel tank into cabins. Skylab was launched into orbit in May The 75-ton space station hosted 3 crews of 3 astronauts, each for 171 days. Skylab

Space Shuttle st reusable low- cost spacecraft

Shuttles Discovery, Atlantis, Columbia, Endeavor, Challenger, Enterprise

Discovery Space Shuttle Discovery is one of three remaining spacecraft in the Space Shuttle fleet. First flown in 1984, Discovery is the third operational Space Shuttle and the oldest shuttle in service. Discovery has performed both research and International Space Station (ISS) assembly missions. Space ShuttleISSSpace ShuttleISS

Atlantis Atlantis was the last shuttle retired from the fleet

Endeavor The United States Congress authorized the construction of Endeavour in 1987 to replace Challenger, which was lost in an accident in United States CongressChallenger accidentUnited States CongressChallenger accident In 1993, it made the first service mission to the Hubble Space Telescope. Endeavour was withdrawn from service for eight months in 1997 for a retrofit, including installation of a new airlock Hubble Space TelescopeHubble Space Telescope

Challenger Challenger Space Shuttle Challenger was NASA's second Space Shuttle orbiter to be put into service, after Columbia. Its maiden voyage was on April 4, 1983 Space ShuttleColumbiaApril Space ShuttleColumbiaApril 41983

The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred in the United States, above the state of Florida, at 11:39 a.m. EST (16:39 GMT) on January 28, 1986, when the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated 73 seconds into its flight after an O- ring seal in its right solid rocket booster (SRB) failed. The seal failure caused a flame leak from the solid rocket booster, which impinged upon the adjacent external fuel tank. Within seconds, the flame caused structural failure of the external tank, and aerodynamic forces promptly broke up the orbiter. The shuttle was destroyed and all seven crew members were killed. The crew compartment and many other vehicle fragments were eventually recovered from the ocean floor after a lengthy search and recovery operation. United StatesFloridaESTGMTJanuary Space ShuttleChallengerO- ringsolid rocket boosterexternal fuel tankstructural failureaerodynamic forcesUnited StatesFloridaESTGMTJanuary Space ShuttleChallengerO- ringsolid rocket boosterexternal fuel tankstructural failureaerodynamic forces

Columbia Space Shuttle Columbia was the first spaceworthy space shuttle in NASA's orbital fleet. Its first mission, STS-1, lasted from April 12 to April 14, On February 1, 2003, Columbia disintegrated during re- entry over Texas, on its 28th mission; all seven crew members aboard perished. space shuttleNASASTS-1April 12April February disintegrated during re- entryTexas 28th mission space shuttleNASASTS-1April 12April February disintegrated during re- entryTexas 28th mission

Enterprise The Space Shuttle Enterprise was the first Space Shuttle built for NASA. It was constructed without engines or a functional heat shield, and was therefore not capable of space operations; its purpose was to perform test flights in the atmosphere. Space ShuttleNASAheat shield Space ShuttleNASAheat shield The first Orbiter was originally planned to be named Constitution. However, a write-in campaign caused it to be renamed after the Starship Enterprise, featured on the television show Star Trek Starship EnterpriseStar Trek Starship EnterpriseStar Trek

International Space Station First module launched Nov. 20, 1998, in 10 years it has traveled 1.7 billion miles and made 68,519 orbits of Earth

Expedition 1 ISS Commander Bill Shepherd Soyuz Commander Yuri Gidzenko Flight Engineer Serqei Krikalev Launch 10/31/00 Returned 3/21/01

Expedition 29 Sergei Volkov, Mike Fossum, Satoshi Furukawa Launch 6/7/11 Return: 11/21/11

Expedition 30 Pictured on the front row are NASA astronaut Dan Burbank, commander; and Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, flight engineer. Pictured from the left (back row) are Russian cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov and Anatoly Ivanishin; along with European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers and NASA astronaut Don Pettit, all flight engineers.

Constellation Program Possible future vehicle 2015 Ares I – Crew Launch Vehicle * carries 4 astronauts to and from the moon * carries 4 astronauts to and from the moon * support up to six crewmembers on future missions to Mars * support up to six crewmembers on future missions to Mars * deliver crew and supplies to International Space Station * deliver crew and supplies to International Space Station * 1 st crew module is the Orion * 1 st crew module is the Orion Will send men back to the moon by 2020