Lt Cdr Sebastian Hamann N5 Maritime Component Command Northwood/UK Maritime Challenges Lt Cdr Sebastian Hamann N5 Maritime Component Command Northwood/UK NATO UNCLASSIFIED 1

AU’s Tasks and Objectives Approaches to the Objectives How to do it Content AU’s Tasks and Objectives Approaches to the Objectives How to do it NATO Counter Piracy as one Example Situational Awareness around Africa Information Sharing NATO UNCLASSIFIED

The Global Maritime Environment and the World Trade “Whosoever commands the trade of the world, commands the riches of the world and hence the world itself.” Sir Walter Raleigh 1554-1618 NATO UNCLASSIFIED 3

AU Maritime Tasks and Objective Establish interoperable Maritime HQs in order to improve maritime situational awareness and increase effectiveness of law enforcement agencies. Assumed Objective of African Union’s efforts: “improve African maritime Security and Safety standards as well as African maritime economy for more wealth creation from its oceans and seas” (Draft Strategy p. 11 para 9.) NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Approaches to the Objectives Surveillance Information sharing Action Can you spot the threat?

How to do it? Watch: Cooperate and share: AIS Coastal Radar Patrols (Ships and Aircraft) Information from ports and Flag States (ISPS, LRIT) Information from other agencies (police, customs,...) Internet Services (“Web scraping”) Cooperate and share: Reports from merchant community: Voluntary reporting of own movements Reports of suspicious behaviour/incidents Fuse the different pieces into one common picture in a maritime HQ. NATO UNCLASSIFIED

AIS Deficiencies AIS only provides data from vessels above 300ts. Illegal activities are mostly carried by small vessels. Ships can easily switch off the system. Anomaly investigation still be needed. NATO UNCLASSIFIED 7

NATO Counter piracy: one example The Indian Ocean averages approx 5000 merchants Data sources available until 4Q 2010: Voluntary reporting via UK MTO Reports from units = A very poor Picture Additions as of Jan 2011: Satellite based AIS LRIT data from Panama LRIT data from IMO = 3500 tracks, 70% coverage and a lot better information NATO UNCLASSIFIED 8

Situational Awareness around Africa NATO Active Endeavour World Trade 90% of global trade volume by sea 10,000 cargo destinations 50.000 ocean going ships 95% of maritime trade travels through 9 chokepoints Combined Counter piracy OPS NATO UNCLASSIFIED 9 9 9

Key Issues for info sharing Understand each player’s own capacities and roles Coast Guard and Navy, Police and Customs, who does what? Make info sharing possible Legal agreements need to be in place for info sharing 3. Liaise with existing players Some information is already available (ISPS, Active Endeavour, UKMTO, MERCURY...) NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Info sharing: other remarks How much to share Policy towards sharing Categories of information Sharing information across security domains (police/states) Developing and maintaining metadata standards and registries Establishment of priorities (Who gets what first?) NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Training Running a system of HQs Strategy Doctrine Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Training Linkage between HQ and with Agencies NATO UNCLASSIFIED

In order to act, one needs to know what is going on. Summary In order to act, one needs to know what is going on. In order to know what is going on, one can use the many sources of information that are already existing. In order to share information, legal and organizational issues are most important. Then one can take action ! NATO UNCLASSIFIED

Thanks for your attention. Questions? Lt Cdr Sebastian Hamann N5 Maritime Component Command Northwood/UK NATO UNCLASSIFIED 14